PERBANDINGAN PELEPASAN ION NIKEL DAN GAYA FRIKSI ANTARA KAWAT BUSUR NIKEL TITANIUM ( NiTi) DAN KAWAT BUSUR COPPER NIKEL TITANIUM (CuNiTi) DALAM PERENDAMAN SALIVA BUATAN

RETNO ISWATI, Prof. drg. Pinandi SP.,SU.,Sp Ort (K);drg Dyah KaruniaSp Ort (K)

2018 | Tesis-Spesialis | ORTODONSIA

Alat ortodonti cekat terdiri dari dua komponen, yaitu komponen aktif dan pasif. Komponen aktif adalah komponen yang dapat menghasilkan gaya yang akan diteruskan ke gigi sehingga terjadi suatu pergerakan. Kawat busur merupakan salah satu komponen aktif, diantaranya kawat busur NiTi dan CuNiti. Pada saat dipakai dalam mulut, kawat busur berkontaminasi dengan saliva sehingga terjadi korosi dan mengakibatkan pelepasan ion nikel. Pelepasan ion nikel ini akan membuat kawat busur menjadi kasar dan menambah gaya friksi antara kawat busur dan braket. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan jumlah pelepasan ion dan gaya friksi antara kawat busur NiTi dan CuNiTi dalam perendaman saliva buatan. Dua belas potongan kawat busur NiTi dan dua belas potongan kawat busur CuNiTi masing-masing dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (kelompok I NiTi perendaman 21 hari, kelompok II NiTi perendaman 28 hari, kelompok III CuNiTi perendaman 21 hari, kelompok IV CuNiTi perendaman 28 hari). Masing-masing kawat direndam dalam 10 ml saliva, diinkubasi selama 21 hari dan 28 hari, saliva perendaman dihitung jumlah pelepasan ion menggunakan alat ICPE (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission). Kawat busur yang sudah direndam dihitung gaya friksinya menggunakan alat UTM (Universal Testing Machine). Analisis statistik menggunakan Anova dua jalur dan uji Post Hoc LSD dengan p<0,05. Hasil uji Anova dua jalur menunjukkan jumlah pelepasan ion dan gaya friksi pada kelompok NiTi dengan perendaman 28 hari lebih besar secara signifikan (p<05) dibandingkan kelompok CuNiTi. Terdapat interaksi antara jenis kawat dan lama perendaman terhadap jumlah ion yang lepas (p<0,05) , namun tidak terdapat perbedaan gaya friksi pada interaksi antara jenis kawat dan lama perendaman (p>0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu : Kawat busur CuNiTi memilki pelepasan ion dan friksi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kawat NiTi pada perendaman 28 hari. Kata kunci :

ABSTRACT Fixed orthodontic appliance has two main component, namely active and passive component. Active component is a component which bring about tooth movement and incorporate active forces within the appliance. Archwire is one type of active component, usually made of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) or CuNiti. When used in the mouth, the possible danger associated with archwire corrosion derives from the contact whitin saliva causing the released Ni ion and lead increases of archwire surface roughness resulting the increase of friction at the interface between the arch wire and bracket. This research aims to to evaluate the rate of ion release and friction between Niti and CuNiTi arch wires in artificial saliva. A total of 12 NiTi and CuNiTi arch wires divided equally into 2 main groups (immersed in 21 days, and 28 days of artificial saliva; N=6). Each of arch wire was immersed in 10 ml artificial saliva, incubated for 21 days, and 28 days, then the ion release were counted using the remaining saliva with ICPE (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission). The immersed arch wires were then being observed for the friction using UTM (Universal Testing Machine). Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc LSD test, with P < 0.05 was set as statistically difference. Two way anova analysis show a significant difference on ion release and friction between NiTi and CuNiTi group, and the immersed time (P < 0.05). There is an interaction between the type of archwire and the time of immersion to the amount of ion release (P < 0.05), however there is no significance difference of friction in the interaction of the type of arch wire and the time of immersion (P > 0.05). From this research we conclude that CuNiTi archwire has lower of ion release and lower friction compared to NiTi arch wire when it immersed on 28 days. Keywords: NiTi arch wire, CuNiti arch wire, ion release, friction force

Kata Kunci : kawat busur NiTi, kawat busur CuNiti, jumlah pelepasan ion, gaya friksi