Dampak Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu Terhadap Penggunaan Pestisida pada Padi Sawah di Jawa Bagian Tengah

ANDRIARTI KUSUMAWARD, Prof. Dr. Ir. Edhi Martono, M.Sc., Prof. Ir. Y. Andi Trisyono, M.Sc. Ph.D., Dr. Ir. Nugroho Susetyo Putra, M.Si.

2018 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU PERTANIAN

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) Kemampuan komunikasi petugas lapangan dan petani, intensitas penyuluhan, dukungan fasilitas dan dukungan masyarakat dalam penerapan PHT, (2) Tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida sesuai prinsip PHT, (3) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida sesuai prinsip PHT, serta (4) Perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku antara petani alumni SLPHT dan alumni SLPHT lanskap dan antara petani yang mengikuti pelatihan PHT dan non PHT dalam penggunaan pestisida sesuai prinsip PHT. Lokasi penelitian adalah kabupaten sentra produksi padi di Jawa bagian tengah dan pernah melaksanakan kegiatan PHT yaitu Bantul, Klaten dan Banyumas. Responden adalah petani yang pernah mengikuti SLPHT, SLPHT lanskap dan petani non PHT. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kategori masing-masing variabel. Analisis regresi berganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan masing-masing faktor dengan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petani. Analisis Uji Mann-Whitney dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku antara petani alumni SLPHT dan alumni SLPHT lanskap serta antara petani alumni PHT dan non PHT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petugas dan petani cukup mampu dalam menyampaikan informasi PHT, dukungan fasilitas dalam penerapan PHT cukup sesuai, tetapi dukungan pamong desa dan tokoh masyarakat dalam penerapan PHT masih kadang-kadang. Pemahaman tentang penggunaan pestisida sesuai prinsip PHT pada petani alumni SLPHT dan alumni SLPHT lanskap di tiga lokasi penelitian cukup baik, mereka setuju serta cukup sering menerapkan di lahannya. Sebagian besar petani non PHT kurang paham serta kurang setuju terhadap penggunaan pestisida sesuai prinsip PHT, demikian juga dengan perilaku yang hanya kadang-kadang atau sama sekali tidak menerapkan. Kemampuan komunikasi petugas dan petani merupakan faktor yang selalu berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida sesuai prinsip PHT. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida tidak selalu sama pada setiap lokasi penelitian. Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petani alumni PHT dalam penggunaan pestisida sesuai prinsip PHT lebih baik daripada petani non PHT.

This research aims to find out (1) the communication skills of field workers and farmers as well as the facility and the community supports in the implementation of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), (2) the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of farmers towards the use of pesticides based on the IPM principles, (3) factors that influence the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of farmers towards the use of pesticides, and (4) the differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior between the alumni farmers of Integrated Pest Management Farmer Field School (IPM-FFS) and those of alumni farmers of Landscape Integrated Pest Management Farmer Field School (Landscape IPM-FFS), and the differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior between IPM farmers and those non IPM farmers in the use of pesticides according to IPM principles. The research took place in rice cultivation in the central part of Java in 3 regencies (Bantul, Klaten and Banyumas) which had carried out the IPM activities. The respondents were farmers who had attended the IPM-FFS and the landscape IPM-FFS, and non-IPM farmers. The data were obtained through questionnaires. The descriptive analysis was carried out in order to obtain an overview of the categories of each variable. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine the relationship of each factor with the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the farmers. The Mann-Whitney test was carried out to find out the differences in the knowledge, attitudes and behavior between the farmers of IPM-FFS alumni and the landscape IPM-FFS alumni, and the differences in the knowledge, attitudes and behavior between the IPM farmers and non-IPM farmers. The result showed that the communication skills of the field workers and farmers were fairly good; the facility supports to help apply the IPM was sufficient; yet the supports of the community from the village officials and the community leaders in applying the IPM was still low. The understanding of the use of pesticides with IPM principles among the farmers of IPM-FFS alumni and the landscape IPM-FFS alumni in the three places was fairly good. Furthermore, all farmers agreed that they had often applied those principles on their land. Most non-IPM farmers did not understand and disagreed with the use of pesticides as stated in the IPM principles. Likewise, their behaviors sometimes or never reflect the application of the principles. Communication skills of the field officers and the farmers were factors that affected the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the farmers regarding the use of pesticides to follow the IPM principles. Factors that showed a significant effect on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the farmers regarding the use of pesticides differed across research locations. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the IPM farmers regarding the use of pesticides to follow the IPM principles were found much better than those of the non-IPM farmers.

Kata Kunci : Padi, Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu, pengetahuan, penggunaan pestisida, perilaku, sikap