PERDAGANGAN SATWA LIAR YANG DILINDUNGI DI PASAR SATWA DAN TANAMAN HIAS YOGYAKARTA (PASTY)

RIJAL, Subeno

2012 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman hayati dan tingkat endemisme yang sangat tinggi. Ilustrasi akan kayanya potensi keanekaragaman hayati yang dimiliki Indonesia, juga diikuti dengan ancaman kepunahan keanekaragaman hayati itu sendiri. Penyebab utama keterancaman kepunahan spesies adalah kerusakan habitat dan pemanfaatan yang tidak terkendali. Pemanfaatan tersebut berupa perdagangan satwa liar. Perdagangan satwa merupakan salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan satwa liar yang diperbolehkan PP No.8/1999 tentang Pemanfaatan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar. Walaupun belum diketahui dengan jelas permintaan/penawaran yang lebih berpengaruh, faktanya menunjukkan bahwa perdagangan satwa liar dapat dijumpai di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik pedagang, jenis satwa, asal dan jalur perdagangan serta peran pemerintah (BKSDA) dalam perlindungan satwa liar. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Maret-April 2012 di Pasar Satwa dan Tanaman Hias Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode Snowball dan penganbilan data dengan depth interview. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi langsung dan studi pustaka. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap pedagang untuk mengetahui jenis dan jalur perdagangan. Observasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data jenis satwa. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Karakteristik pedagang di PASTY didominasi laki – laki 61% dan perempuan 39%, rata-rata usia pedagang 20-60 tahun. Terdapat 75 famili dan 246 jenis satwa yang diperdagangkan yaitu aves 153 jenis (44 famili), mamalia 32 jenis (15 famili), reptil 50 jenis (10 famili), amfibi 11 jenis (6 famili). Berdasarkan status perlindungan dan status konservasi terdapat 83 jenis dilindungi di Indonesia, 205 jenis masuk IUCN, 73 jenis masuk Apendix I dan II CITES, 10 jenis dalam kategori Critically endangered IUCN. Asal persebaran satwa meliputi Jawa, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Bali, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Ambon, Papua dan jenis amfibi 50% hasil dari impor. Jalur perdagangan satwa liar terdiri dari jalur perdagangan secara lokal (langsung dan tidak langsung) dan jalur perdagangan untuk ekspor. Dalam pengendalian lalu lintas perdagangan satwa liar, BKSDA Yogyakarta melakukan beberapa kegiatan yaitu kegiatan preventif (penyuluhan) dan pembinaan maupun kegiatan represif (pengamanan)

Indonesia is a country, which has very high level of biodiversity and endemic. The illustration of the Indonesian richness of biodiversity also followed with the extinction of the biodiversity. The main causes of the extinction are habitat loss and uncontrolled utilization. One of the utilizations is the wildlife trade. The wildlife trade is one of wildlife utilization which permitted by PP No.8/1999, which states about the utilization of kinds of plants and wildlife. The impact of the demand and the supply of this trade now are still unknown, but the fact shows are the wildlife trade could found in Yogyakarta. The aims of research are to find out the characteristic of the wildlife sellers, the kind and origin of wildlife, the trade routes and the role of government (Nature Conservation Agency) for the wildlife protection. The research carried out in March to April 2012 in the Pasar Satwa dan Tanaman Hias Yogyakarta. The sample and data acquired by using snowball method and depth interview. The data collection took by interview, direct observation and from references. The interview to the sellers was conducted in order to know the kinds and trade routes. The observation was done in order to find the kinds of wildlife data. Then, the data will be analyzed by qualitative descriptive. The results of research are first, the characteristic of the sellers in PASTY dominated by men, which reached 61% and women 39%. Second, the average ages of the sellers is 20 to 60 years old. Third, there are 75 families and 246 kinds of wildlife that are traded. They consist of 153 aves (44 families), 32 mammals (15 families), 50 reptiles (10 families), and 11 amphibians (6 families). Fourth, according to the protection and conservation status, there are 83 kinds of protected in Indonesia, in which 205 kinds of them included in IUCN, 73 kinds of them included in Appendix I and II CITES. From them, there are 10 kinds which have critically endangered category in IUCN. Fifth, the origin of the animals are including from Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Bali, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Ambon, and Papua. Sixth, the 50% of the amphibians is imported. Seventh, the routes of the wildlife trade consist of the local trade routes (direct and indirect trading) and also export trade route. And finally, the role of The Nature Conservation of Yogyakarta is making several activities, such as preventive effort (counseling and coaching) and the repressive activities (safeguarding).

Kata Kunci : perdagangan, satwa liar yang dilindungi, Pasar Satwa dan Tanaman Hias Yogyakarta (PASTY)