PENAKSIRAN KANDUNGAN KARBON TERSIMPAN DI ATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERBABU

ENI ROHAYATUN, Lies Rahayu WF, Ris hadi Purwanto

2012 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Hutan sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan makhluk hidup di bumi. Manfaat hutan bukan saja karena kayunya, tetapi justru karena jasa lingkungannya dimana dalam konteks penelitian ini adalah penyimpan karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung nilai karbon tersimpan per jenis pohon di Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu (TNGMb) berdasarkan tipe tutupan lahannya dan menghitung nilai karbon yang dihasilkan oleh vegetasi (above ground biomass) pada berbagai kelas tutupan lahan di TNGMb. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan konsep dasar kerapatan tegakan per tipe tutupan lahan. Penentuan plot dilakukan dengan metode stratified sampling. Variabel yang diukur yaitu keliling dan tinggi total pohon untuk pengukuran biomasa tegakan dan analisis vegetasi, sedang berat basah seresah dan tumbuhan bawah untuk analisis laboratorium guna mendapatkan nilai biomasa. Nilai karbon diperoleh dari 50% biomasa dalam Ton/Ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan vegetasi penyusun tipe tutupan rumput, hutan kerapatan rendah dan hutan kerapatan sedang didominasi oleh Pinus (Pinus merkusii), sedangkan tipe tutupan semak didominasi oleh Akasia (Acasia mearnsii) dan tipe hutan kerapatan tinggi didominasi oleh Sawa (Engelhardtia spicata). Simpanan karbon terdapat tiga kelas yaitu simpanan karbon tertinggi terdapat pada tipe tutupan hutan kerapatan tinggi (421,888 TonC/Ha), tingkat sedang terdapat pada tutupan hutan kerapatan sedang (184,214 TonC/Ha); hutan kerapatan rendah (144,094 TonC/Ha); tutupan rumput (109,1955 TonC/Ha), dan simpanan karbon terkecil terdapat pada tutupan semak (37,498 TonC/Ha). Simpanan karbon TNGMb sebesar 184,8812 Ton C/Ha (±1,195 Ton C/Ha). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tipe tutupan hutan kerapatan tinggi memiliki fungsi penyimpanan biomasa dan karbon yang paling tinggi karena pohon penyusun tegakannya cukup rapat, memiliki diameter batang besar, pohonnya tinggi serta wood density besar yang menandakan kualitas kayunya yang kuat.

Forest has many useful for human life. Their benefit were not only woods, but also environmental service, on this research was carbon storage. This research was designed to calculate the carbon stock that produced by earch tree spesies in Gunung Merbabu National Park. The other purpose was counting of carbon value that produced by vegetation on various land cover class, Gunung Merbabu National Park. This research were made on basic concept of stand density per land cover type. Plot determined by method of stratified sampling. Stand biomass and vegetation analysis was counted by DBH and total high trees. Biomass value was counted by litter and forest floor wet weight. Biomass was obtained on unit Ton/Ha, then it would be converted on carbon by 50% times. The results showed that composed vegetation as grass cover type. Low density forest and mid density forest was dominated by Pinus (Pinus merkusii). Scrub cover type was dominated by Akasia (Acasia mearnsii). High density forest type was dominated by Sawa (Engelhardtia spicata). There are three classes for carbon storage, i.e. the highest was high density forest cover type (421,888 TonC/Ha); the middle was mid density forest cover (184,214 TonC/Ha), low density forest (144,094 TonC/Ha), grass cover (109,1955 TonC/Ha); and the lowest carbon storage was scrub cover (37,498 TonC/Ha). Carbon storage of Gunung Merbabu National Park is 184,8812 Ton C/Ha (±1,195 Ton C/Ha). High density forest cover type was playing role as the highest biomass and carbon storage because of the close trees as stand composed, large diameter, high trees and high wood density that means wood quality was good

Kata Kunci : karbon di atas permukaan tanah, tipe tutupan lahan, Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu