Pengendalian Hayati Plutella xylostella pada Caisim Menggunakan Nematoda Entomopatogen Steinernema spp. Isolat Lokal

GHUFRAN SHAUMA B, Prof. Dr. Ir. F. X. Wagiman, S.U.; Dr. Ir. Siwi Indarti, M. P.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Ulat kubis (Plutella xylostella) merupakan salah satu hama utama tanaman caisim (Brassica chinensis). Selama ini seringkali pengendalian hama tersebut secara kimiawi sehingga pengendalian alternatif yang efeketif dan aman perlu dikembangkan adalah dengan secara hayati. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan nematoda entomopatogen Steinernema spp. isolat lokal untuk mengendalikan hama Plutella xylostella pada tanaman caisim. Penelitian dilakukan di Sub Laboratorium Nematologi Pertanian, Laboratorium Hama Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada dan di Dusun Sidoharjo, Bangunkerto, Turi, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. Isolat Steinernema spp. diisolasi dari tanah asal Dusun Sidoharjo. Percobaan di laboratorium dimaksudkan untuk menentukan LC50 dan LC99 nematoda entomopatogen. Percobaan polybag dan percobaan lapangan dimaksudkan untuk uji efikasi Steinernema spp. dibanding dengan insektisida fipronil 50g/l. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Steinernema spp. isolat lokal berpotensi sebagai agens pengendalian hayati P. xylostella. Nilai LC50 sebesar 59,46 JI/ml dan LC99 1.532,47 JI/ml. Pada percobaan polybag Steinernema spp. dengan kondentrasi 4.596 JI/ml efektif mengendalikan P. xylostella dan relatif sama dengan perlakuan Insektisida Fipronil 50g/l. Keefektifan Steinernema spp. di bawah kondisi lapangan tidak signifikan, diduga bias akibat populasi ulat terlalu rendah (2 ekor/tanaman).

Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella) is one of the main pests of caisim plants (Brassica chinensis). Farmers heavily on the use of pesticides to control P. xylostella, which actually can lead to insect resistant, and polluting the environment. Therefor, a friendly alternative control measure should be developed. One of them is using entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. The objective of this research was to determined the effectiveness of local isolates Steinernema spp. as entomopathogenic nematode to control P. xylostella pests in B. juncea. This research was conducted in the Sub Laboratory of Agricultural Nematology, Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University and in the of Sidoharjo, Bangunkerto, Turi, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. Steinernema spp. was isolated from the land of Sidoharjo. LC50 and LC99 of entomopathogenic nematodes was determined through Laboratory experiments. Semi field experiments and field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of Steinernema spp. as compared to fipronil 50g/l insecticide. The results of the research showed that Steinernema spp. local isolate had the potential as P. xylostella biological control agents. The LC50 and LC99 value were 59,46 JI/ml and 1.532,47 JI/ml respectively. In the semi field experiment the concentrate of 4.596 JI/ml was effective to controlling P. xylostella and relatively as effective as the Fipronil 50g/l insecticide treatment. The effectiveness of Steinernema spp. under field conditions was not significant, the possible factors might due to P. xylostella�s low population (2 larvae/plant).

Kata Kunci : Plutella xylostella, Steinernema spp., Caisim, Efikasi