AKTIVITAS ANTI-QUORUM SENSING DARI EKSTRAK RIMPANG TANAMAN OBAT TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM BAKTERI PATOGEN IKAN

TRIYITNO, Dr. Ir. Murwantoko, M.Si.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 AKUAKULTUR

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan skrining terhadap beberapa jenis bakteri patogen ikan yang mampu membentuk biofilm, mengetahui aktivitas anti-quorum sensing ekstrak air rimpang tanaman obat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri dan pembentukan biofilm. Skrining dilakuan pada 10 isolat bakteri yaitu Proteus mirabilis CTA H2, Aeromonas hydrophila CTA K2, Aeromonas veronii KOA 5.1, Aeromonas aquariorum KOC 2.2, Aeromonas veronii PT11.G2.Tc, Klebsiella pneumoniae PT1.L.T, Aeromonas sharmana PT5.L3.T, Photobacterium damselae SB 22, Vibrio harveii SB 25 dan Vibrio azureus JP 01. Hasil skrining menunjukkan semua isolat yang diuji memiliki kemampuan untuk membentuk biofilm. Rimpang tanaman obat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kunyit (Curcuma longa L.), temu lawak (Curcuma xanthoriza Roxb), jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) dan lengkuas (Alpinia galangal L.). Aktivitas anti-quorum sensing dari ekstrak air rimpang tanaman obat diujikan pada bakteri A. hydrophila CTA K2 yang merupakan bakteri patogen umum pada budidaya ikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menumbuhkan bakteri A. hydrophila pada microplate flat-bottom dengan pemberian ekstrak rimpang tanaman obat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan bahan dalam empat konsentrasi yaitu 40, 30, 20 dan 10 mg/ml dan satu kontrol dengan masing-masing tiga kali ulangan. Penambahan ekstrak air tanaman obat tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri A. hydrophila. Ekstrak air jahe dengan konsentrasi 40 mg/ml mampu menghambat pembentukan biofilm tertinggi sebesar 79,7%. Ekstrak air kunyit menghambat pembentukan biofilm sebesar 59,9% pada konsentrasi 30 mg/ml. Ekstrak air temu lawak, lengkuas memiliki kemampuan penghambatan sebesar 32,7 dan 24,1%. Ekstrak air kencur memiliki kemampuan penghambatan biofilm terendah sebesar 7,0%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan ekstrak air rimpang tanaman mempunyai aktivitas anti-quorum sensing yang dibuktikan dengan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm bakteri tersebut.

The aims of this research were to screen several types of fish pathogenic bacteria that are capable of forming biofilms, to determine the anti-quorum sensing activity of medicinal rhizome water extracts on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Screening was carried out on 10 bacterial isolates, namely Proteus mirabilis CTA H2, Aeromonas hydrophila CTA K2, Aeromonas veronii KOA 5.1, Aeromonas aquariorum KOC 2.2, Aeromonas veronii PT11.G2.Tc, Klebsiella pneumoniae PT1.L.T, Aeromonas sharmana PT5.L3.T, Photobacterium damselae SB 22, Vibrio harveii SB 25 and Vibrio azureus JP 01. The screening results showed that all isolates tested had the ability to form biofilms. The rhizomes of medicinal plants used were turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), temu lawak (Curcuma xanthoriza Roxb), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) and galangal (Alpinia galangal L.). Anti-quorum sensing activity from medicinal plant water extract was tested on A.hydrophila which are common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The experiment was carried out by growing A. hydrophila on a microplate flat-bottom with addition of medicinal rhizome extract. This study was conducted on a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatment addition the extract in four different concentrations of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mg / ml and one control with three replications each. Addition of medicinal plant water extract does not affect the growth of A. hydrophila. Ginger water extract with a concentration of 40 mg / ml has the highest inhibitory ability of biofilm formation by 79.7%. Turmeric water extract inhibited the biofilm formation by 59.9% at a concentration of 30 mg / ml. Temu lawak, galangal water extract has the inhibitory ability of 32.7 and 24.1%. Kencur water extract has the lowest biofilm inhibitory ability of 7.0%. The results showed the addition of plant rhizome water extracts had anti-quorum sensing activity as evidenced by inhibition of the formation of these bacterial biofilms.

Kata Kunci : bakteri, biofilm, quorum sensing, skrining, tanaman obat