Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Kanker Serviks dengan Hasil Deteksi Dini IVA

ASYSYIFA RAHMAH HALIM, dr. Shinta Prawitasari, M.Kes, SpOG(K); Dr. dr. Eugenius Phyowai Ganap, SpOG(K)

2018 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan kanker dengan peringkat tertinggi keempat pada wanita. Menurut Riskesdas (2013), kanker serviks adalah kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Indonesia, yaitu sebesar 0,8%. Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) merupakan salah satu metode deteksi dini lesi prakanker yang bisa dilakukan sebagai upaya menurunkan kejadian kanker serviks. Sayangnya, pengetahuan perempuan Indonesia tentang kanker serviks yang tergolong buruk menjadi salah satu hambatan dalam melakukan deteksi dini. Sampai tahun 2014, cakupan deteksi dini IVA di Indonesia baru mencapai 2,45% dan 4,94% perempuan yang melakukan deteksi dini menunjukkan hasil IVA positif. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks dengan hasil deteksi dini IVA. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder berupa catatan medis pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker serviks dan hasil pengisian kuesioner klien IVA. Tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks dapat diketahui melalui skor pengisian kuesioner IVA. Selain itu, faktor risiko kanker serviks seperti usia, pendidikan terakhir, jumlah anak, dan penggunaan kontrasepsi dan karakteristik lain seperti perilaku deteksi dini juga dicatat. Variabel-variabel tersebut dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji Fisher didapatkan p=0,588 dan hasil analisis regresi logistik didapatkan p=0,758 (OR=0,76; 95%CI=0,09- 6,69) untuk variabel tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks terhadap hasil deteksi dini IVA. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks dengan hasil IVA. Hal ini disebabkan faktorfaktor lain yang juga mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan IVA dan terjadinya lesi prakanker serviks.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth highest cancer in women. According to Riskesdas (2013), cervical cancer is cancer with the highest prevalence in Indonesia, which is 0.8%. Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is one of early detection methods of precancerous lesions that possible to do as an effort to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. Unfortunately, Indonesian women's knowledge of cervical cancer that classified as poor becomes one of the obstacles in early detection. Until 2014, the coverage of early detection of VIA in Indonesia only reached 2.45% and 4.94% of women who conducted early detection showed positive VIA results. Objective: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and the results of early detection of VIA. Methods: This study is a cross sectional analytic study using secondary data in the form of medical records of early detection of cervical cancer and the results of filling in VIA client questionnaires. The level of knowledge about cervical cancer can be known through the score of filling in the VIA questionnaire. In addition, risk factors for cervical cancer such as age, latest education, number of children, and contraceptive use and other characteristics such as early detection behavior were also recorded. These variables were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Based on the results of bivariate analysis with Fisher's test found p = 0.588 and the results of logistic regression analysis showed p = 0.758 (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.09-6.69) for the variable level of knowledge about cervical cancer on the results early detection of VIA. Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and the results of early detection of VIA. This is due to other factors that also influence the results of VIA examination and the occurrence of cervical precancerous lesions.

Kata Kunci : deteksi dini, IVA, kanker serviks, pengetahuan, early detection, VIA, cervical cancer, knowledge