DETEKSI RESISTENSI NYAMUK Aedes aegypti TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA SIPERMETRIN DI DAERAH ENDEMIS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KOTA MEDAN

LEDY AFRIDA SINAGA, Sitti Rahmah Umniyati;Budi Mulyaningsih.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEDOKTERAN TROPIS

Latar belakang : Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan di Kota Medan. Kelurahan Tanjungrejo dan Kelurahan Gedung Johor Lk. 13 merupakan daerah endemis DBD. Pengendalian vektor DBD menggunakan insektisida sipermterin dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Frekuensi aplikasi insektisida dalam waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan resistensi. Salah satu mekanisme resistensi sipermetrin pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Tujuan : Monitoring status resistensi Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida sipermetrin Metode : Telur Ae. aegypti dikumpulkan menggunakan 600 ovitrap (indoor dan outdoor) di Kel. Tanjungrejo (Lk. 19 dan 22) dan Kel. Gedung Johor Lk. 13. Status resistensi Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida sipermetrin ditetapkan dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay. Hasil : Persentase kelumpuhan (knockdown) Ae. aegypti pada Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 sebesar 76,67, Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 sebesar 97,67 dan Kel. Gedung Johor Lk. 13 sebesar 91,33 setelah dipaparkan insektisida sipermetrin dosis diagnostik selama 30 menit waktu diagnostik. Waktu knockdown (KT99) Ae. aegypti Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 adalah 79,64 menit dan Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 adalah 40,54 menit dan Kel. Gedung Johor Lk. 13 adalah 50,17 menit, sedangkan KT99 nyamuk kontrol adalah 35,14 menit. Nilai resisten ratio (RR99) Ae. aegypti Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 sebesar 2,27, Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 sebesar 1,15 dan Kel. Gedung Johor Lk. 13 sebesar 1,43. Simpulan : Ae. aegypti dari Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 telah resisten sedangkan Ae. aegypti dari Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 dan Kel. Gedung Johor Lk. 13 toleran terhadap insektisida sipermetrin.

Background : Dengue is a health problem in Medan. Tanjungrejo Village and Gedung Johor Village are dengue endemic areas. Cypermethrin has been used in dengue vector control in for recent years. The frequency of insecticide applications for a long time can cause resistance. Objective : Monitoring resistance status of Ae. aegypti against cypermethrin. Method : Eggs Ae. aegypti was collected using 600 ovitraps (indoor and outdoor) in Tanjungrejo Village (Lk. 19 and 22) and Gedung Johor Village Lk. 13. Resistance status of Ae. aegypti against insecticide cyperrmetrin was determined based on diagnostic doses according to CDC bottle bioassay method. Results : Knockdown percentage of Ae. aegypti from Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 was 76.67%, Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 was 97.67%, Kel. Gedung Johor Lk. 13 was 91.33% after exposure to diagnostic dose of cypermetrine insecticide for 30 minutes at diagnostic time. Knockdown time (KT99) of Ae. aegypti from Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 was 79.64 minutes, Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 was 40.54 minutes and Kel. Gedung Johor Lk.13 was 50.17 minutes respectively, whereas KT99 of Ae. aegypti control was 35.14 minutes respectively. Resistance ratio (RR99) of Ae. aegypti from Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 was 2.27, Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 was 1.15 and Kel. Gedung Johor Lk.13 was 1.43 respectively. Conclusion : Ae. aegypti from Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 have been resistant whereas Ae. aegypti from Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 and Gedung Johor Lk. 13 tolerant to insecticide cypermetrin. Background : Dengue is a health problem in Medan. Tanjungrejo Village and Gedung Johor Village are dengue endemic areas. Cypermethrin has been used in dengue vector control in for recent years. The frequency of insecticide applications for a long time can cause resistance. Objective : Monitoring resistance status of Ae. aegypti against cypermethrin. Method : Eggs Ae. aegypti was collected using 600 ovitraps (indoor and outdoor) in Tanjungrejo Village (Lk. 19 and 22) and Gedung Johor Village Lk. 13. Resistance status of Ae. aegypti against insecticide cyperrmetrin was determined based on diagnostic doses according to CDC bottle bioassay method. Results : Knockdown percentage of Ae. aegypti from Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 was 76.67%, Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 was 97.67%, Kel. Gedung Johor Lk. 13 was 91.33% after exposure to diagnostic dose of cypermetrine insecticide for 30 minutes at diagnostic time. Knockdown time (KT99) of Ae. aegypti from Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 was 79.64 minutes, Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 was 40.54 minutes and Kel. Gedung Johor Lk.13 was 50.17 minutes respectively, whereas KT99 of Ae. aegypti control was 35.14 minutes respectively. Resistance ratio (RR99) of Ae. aegypti from Kel. Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 was 2.27, Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 was 1.15 and Kel. Gedung Johor Lk.13 was 1.43 respectively. Conclusion : Ae. aegypti from Tanjungrejo Lk. 19 have been resistant whereas Ae. aegypti from Tanjungrejo Lk. 22 and Gedung Johor Lk. 13 tolerant to insecticide cypermetrin.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci : Aedes aegypti, resistensi, siperrmetrin.