PROSPEK PENANGANAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH DI KAWASAN GAMBUT KUALA TUNGKAL: BERDASARKAN PRINSIP BERKELANJUTAN

NUR AINI, Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, M.A., P.hd; Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono, S.T., M.Sc., P.hd.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Jaminan untuk bertempat tinggal yang layak di lingkungan yang sehat dijamin dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman. Hal ini juga didukung dalam Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serta New Urban Agenda (NUA) yang berisi komitmen global untuk membuat kota dan pemukiman manusia yang inklusif, aman, tangguh dan berkelanjutan. Berbagai program penanganan permukiman kumuh di Indonesia belum terlihat keberhasilannya. Salah satu kesulitan menangani permukiman kumuh di Indonesia adalah karakter dasar lingkungannya seperti karakteristik tanah gambut. Tanah gambut pada dasarnya kurang cocok untuk dijadikan kawasan permukiman ditambah dengan persoalaan permukiman kumuh, maka akan lebih sulit ditangani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program NUSP-2 di kawasan gambut Kuala Tungkal dari prinsip-prinsip penanganan permukiman kumuh berkelanjutan dan mengkaji prospek keberlanjutannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode triangulasi dan juga menggunakan teknik kutipan hasil wawancara. Narasumber wawancara ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Jumlah narasumber adalah 22 orang terdiri dari unsur yang terlibat dalam Program NUSP-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program NUSP-2 di kawasan gambut Kuala Tungkal telah menerapkan prinsip-prinsip penanganan kumuh berkelanjutan dari tiga aspek saja yaitu aspek lingkungan, sosial budaya dan kelembagaan. Sedangkan aspek ekonomi belum terpenuhi. Prospek penanganan kumuh berkelanjutan di kawasan gambut Kuala Tungkal menunjukkan hasil berprospek bagus. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan ini adalah adanya pemberdayaan masyarakat di kawasan gambut; intervensi fisik berupa pembangunan prasarana dasar permukiman yang sesuai karakteristik gambut; local knowledge masyarakat tentang karakteristik tanah gambut dan tata airnya; serta kelembagaan lokal di kawasan gambut. Hal ini berarti penanganan kumuh di kawasan gambut Kuala Tungkal akan tetap dilanjutkan oleh masyarakat setempat meskipun program NUSP-2 telah selesai dan dukungan finansial juga selesai. Rekomendasi yang diusulkan untuk penanganan permukiman kumuh di kawasan gambut yaitu perlu adanya penyusunan SNI terkait infrastruktur dasar permukiman khusus di kawasan gambut seperti SNI pembangunan jalan, pembangunan drainase, pengolahan air limbah domestik, mitigasi bencana kebakaran dan banjir yang sesuai di kawasan gambut. SNI tersebut perlu diadopsi menjadi juklak dan juknis untuk program penanganan permukiman kumuh di kawasan gambut.

A guarantee for a decent living in a healthy environment has actually mandated on Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2011 Concerning Housing and Settlement Area. It is also supported in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-2030 and New Urban Agenda (NUA) which contains a global commitment to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Meanwhile, based on data from the Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing (PUPR) in 2016, there are 35,291 hectares of slums in Indonesia. Various slum upgrading programs in Indonesia have not seen its success. One of the difficulties of slums improvement in Indonesia is the basic character of the environment such as the characteristics of peat soil. Peat soil is basically less suitable for settlement, especially with the problem of slums, it will be more difficult to solve. The objective of this research is to evaluate the implementation of the NUSP-2 Program in the Kuala Tungkal peatland from the principles of sustainable slum upgrading and reviewing its sustainability prospects. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with triangulation method and also using the technique of the interview. The informant determined by purposive sampling. Number of speakers was 22 people consists of elements involved in the NUSP-2 Program. The results show that the Neighborhood Uprading Shelter Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2) Program in the peatland of Kuala Tungkal has implemented sustainable slum upgrading principles from three aspects, specifically environmental, socio-cultural and institutional aspects. While economic aspects have not been fulfilled. The implementation of this sustainable principle also indicates that the prospect of sustainable slum upgrading in the Kuala Tungkal peat area shows good results. The factor that influences this success are the empowerment of the community in the peat area; physical intervention in the form of the construction of basic settlement infrastructure that suitables the characteristics of peat area; local community knowledge about the characteristics of peat soil and its water system; also local institutions in the peat area. This means that slum upgrading in Kuala Tungkal peatland will be continued by the local people even though the NUSP-2 Program will be completed and financial support will be also completed. The recommendations proposed for slums improvement in peat areas are the need for compilation of SNI related to basic settlement infrastructure specifically in peat areas such as SNI for road construction, drainage construction, domestic wastewater treatment, fire and flood disaster mitigation that are suitable for peatland. The SNI needs to be adopted as operational guidelines and technical guidelines for handling slum settlements in peat areas.

Kata Kunci : permukiman kumuh, gambut, prospek keberlanjutan, kuala tungkal