INFEKSI PARASIT USUS PADA PENDERITA GANGGUAN GASTROINTESTINAL YANG BEROBAT KE PUSKESMAS DI KOTA PALU

IRNA OLVALIANI A, Prof. Dr. Supargiyono, SU., Ph.D., Sp.Par.K.; Dr.drh. Sitti Rahma Umniyati, SU

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU BIOMEDIK

Latar belakang : Infeksi parasit usus merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak terjadi di negara berkembang. Penyakit parasit menyebabkan kematian dengan kisaran lebih dari 33%. Infeksi parasit usus dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa cacing dan protozoa usus. Gejala umum yang terkait infeksi parasit usus ialah ketidakyamanan pada perut, muntah dan disentri serta penyakit saluran cerna. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui besaran dan jenis parasit usus, gejala klinis dari infeksi serta faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadapat infeksi parasit usus. Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini rancangan cross-sectional dengan jenis penelitian observasional deskriptif analitik untuk melihat pengaruh faktor risiko. Pengisian kuisoner dan pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis (metode ritchi dan pewarnaan ziehl- neelsen) pada sampel tinja penderita gangguan gastrointestinal yang berobat ke puskesmas di kota Palu yang dilakukan dibulan Februari-Mei 2018 dengan total sampel sebanyak 61 orang, dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis data regresi logistik. Hasil : Besaran infeksi parasit usus pada penderita gangguan gastrointestinal yang berobat ke Puskesmas di kota Palu adalah 25 (41%) terdiri dari cacing usus 12 (19,6%) ; Hookworm 13,1% dan Trichuris trichiura 6,55% dan protozoa usus 13 (21,3%) Entamoeba histolytica 11,47%, Giardia lamblia 6,55%, dan Cryptosporidium sp., 3,27%. Diare merupakan gejala klinis yang memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai p=0,001 terhadap infeksi parasit usus, dengan parameter kekuatan hubungan OR=0,027. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukan bahwa aktivitas tidak buang air besar di jamban merupakan faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh dengan nilai Exp =3,862 Kesimpulan : Diare merupakan gejala klinis yang memiliki perbedaan bermakna dan kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan merupakan faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh.

Background: Intestinal parasite infection was a health problem that mostly occurred in the developing countries. Parasitic diseases cause casualty with range for more than 33% mortality rate. Then, the intestinal parasite infection might be caused by the intestinal worm or the intestinal protozoa. The general symptoms of intestinal parasitic infection were sense of inconvenience around the stomach, vomit, and dysentery, and gastrointestinal disease. Objective: The research aimed at identifying the amount and the kind of intestinal parasites, the clinical symptoms of intestinal parasite infection, and the risk factors that influenced the intestinal parasite infection. Method: The research relied on the cross-sectional design using the analytical descriptive observational method in order to identify the influence of risk factors. Questionnaire completion and microscopic examination (ritchi method and ziehl- neelsen colouring) on the sampled faeces of gastrointestinal disorder patients who pursued medication in the Community Health Centre of the City of Palu were conducted from February-May 2018. The total number of sample was 61 respondents and the data from the sample then was further analysed using the logistic regression data analysis. Results: The number of intestinal parasite infection among the disorder patients was 25 cases (41.00%), the intestinal worms that caused the infection were Hookworm (13.1%) and Trichuris trichiura (6.55%) while the intestinal protozoa that caused the infection were Entamoeba histolytica (11.47%), Giardia lamblia (6.55%), and Cryptosporidium parvum (3.27%). Diarrhoea was a clinical symptom that had significant difference with p = 0.001 and the types of intestinal parasites that had relationship to the occurrence of diarrhoea were Trichuris trichiura p=0.039, Entamoeba histolytica p = 0.030 and Giardia lamblia with p = 0.039. The results of multivariate analysis using the logistic regression showed that the activities of defecation not in latrine had the highest Exp value in comparison to the other variables namely 3.862. Conclusion: Diarrhoea had been a clinical symptom that had significant difference and activity of defecation had been the most influential risk factor.

Kata Kunci : Parasit usus, penderita gangguan gastrointestinal, gejala klinis, faktor risiko, Intestinal parasite, gastrointestinal disorder patient, clinical symptom, risk factor.