PREVALENSI DAN INTENSITAS INFEKSI Anisakis spp. PADA IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus spp.) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN JAWA TIMUR

RIZKA FAUZIANA SYARIFAH, Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M.Si.; Dr. Ir. Murwantoko, M.Si.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kehadiran larva Anisakis (nematoda) pada ikan layang Decapterus spp. di Samudera Hindia Perairan Selatan Jawa Timur. Sebanyak 450 ekor sampel ikan layang yang terdiri dari ikan layang biasa (D. russelli), layang ekor merah (D. kurroides) dan layang deles (D. macrosoma) dikumpulkan dari PPN Prigi dan PPP Muncar Jawa Timur. Setiap sampel ikan diukur panjang total dan beratnya, kemudian dibedah untuk pengamatan infeksi Anisakis. Pemeriksaan infeksi Anisakis dilakukan pada bagian rongga tubuh, saluran pencernaan, hati, gonad dan daging. Larva Anisakis diawetkan dalam ethanol absolute untuk proses identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler (PCR-RFLP dan Direct Sequencing). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan layang (Decapterus spp.) rentan terhadap infeksi Anisakis dengan tingkat prevalensi dan intensitas yang berbeda. Prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi yang paling tinggi terjadi pada ikan layang ekor merah (D. kurroides), dengan prevalensi sebesar 100% dan intensitas infeksi sebesar 24,54 larva/ind (P) dan 19,76 larva/ind (M). Sebagian besar larva ditemukan pada bagian rongga tubuh (52,30%76,61%) dan saluran pencernaan (16,78%-18,40%), sangat sedikit ditemukan pada organ dalam lain dan daging. Hasil identifikasi morfologi dan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa Anisakis ikan layang merupakan Anisakis Tipe I, yaitu Anisakis typica. Terdapat perbedaan komposisi nukleotida yang mengindikasikan bahwa A. typica yang menginfeksi ikan layang ekor merah (D. kurroides) dan ikan layang deles (D. macrosoma) di Perairan Selatan Jawa Timur memiliki keragaman genetik. Kehadiran Anisakis dapat digunakan sebagai indikator biologis untuk beberapa studi ekologi.

This study aimed to determine the presence of Anisakis larvae (nematodes) in scad (Decapterus spp.) in the Indian Ocean Southern Water of East Java. A total of 450 fish samples consisting 3 species i.e. Indian scad (Decapterus russelli), redtail scad (D. kurroides) and shortfin scad (D. macrosoma) were collected from PPN Prigi and PPP Muncar East Java. Each sample was measured its length and weight, and then dissected for Anisakis larvae observation. Examination of Anisakis larvae infection was conducted in the body cavity, digestive tract, liver, gonad and muscle. Anisakis larvae were preserved in ethanol absolute for morphological and molecular identification (PCR-RFLP and Direct sequencing). The results showed that the scad (Decapterus spp.) was susceptible to Anisakis infection with the different prevalence and intensity levels. The highest prevalence and intensity of infection was occurred in red tail scad (D. kurroides), with a prevalence was 100% and mean intensity was 22.54 larvae/individuals, whereas short-fin scad (D. macrosoma) has the lowest prevalence and mean intensity (P = 30.61% and MI = 1.29 larvae/individual). Most of the larvae were found in the body cavity (52.30% -76.61%) and the digestive tract (16.78% 18.40%), only a few of larvae were found in other internal organs and muscle. The results of morphological and molecular identification indicate that the scad infected by Anisakis Type I, namely Anisakis typica. Differences of nucleotide composition indicate that A. typica that infects redtail scad (D. kurroides) and shortfin scad (D. macrosoma) in southern water of East Java has genetic diversity. The prevalence of Anisakis can be used as biological indicator for a few study of ecology.

Kata Kunci : Anisakis, identifikasi, intensitas, layang, prevalensi