HUBUNGAN KEHAMILAN USIA DINI DENGAN KEJADIAN BAYI BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH DI KABUPATEN BANTUL DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

KHRISTINA DIAS UTAMI, Dr. dr. Emy Huriyati, M. Kes

2018 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Diseluruh dunia, 11% perempuan yang berusia 15-19 tahun melahirkan anak. Ibu-ibu yang melahirkan pada usia < 19 tahun lebih besar kemungkinan memiliki bayi BBLR yang telah disesuaikan dengan sosial ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan dan daerah tempat tinggal. Kehamilan usia dini di Yogyakarta sebanyak 1.078, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor risiko bayi BBLR yaitu 422 kasus pada tahun 2015. Bayi berat badan lahir rendah menjadi penyebab pertama kematian bayi di Kabupaten Bantul yaitu sebanyak 30 kasus dari 105 kasus kematian bayi pada tahun 2016. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kehamilan usia dini terhadap kejadian BBLR di Kabupaten Bantul. Metode: Penelitian merupakan crosssectional study. Subjek penelitian adalah bayi lahir hidup di Puskesmas Bantul 2, Dlingo 1 dan II, Kasihan 1, Pandak, Pajangan, Pleret, Piyungan dan Sewon. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan total sampling dan cluster kecamatan diambil secara random, pada periode Januari 2016-Februari 2018. Diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 1355 responden. Variabel terikat adalah bayi berat lahir rendah, variabel bebas yaitu kehamilan usia dini. Analisis data meliputi: univariabel, bivariabel, dan multivariable. Regresi logistic digunakan untuk melihat kebermaknaan hubungan kehamilan usia dini dengan kejadian bayi berat badan lahir rendah. Hasil: Hasil analisis multivariate yaitu terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kehamilan usia dini dengan kejadian BBLR. Setelah dikontrol variabel pendidikan ibu, diperoleh nilai OR 5,16 (CI 95% 2,10-12,68); dikontrol variabel anemia, diperoleh nilai OR 13,12 (CI 8,63-19,92); dan dikontrol variabel KEK, diperoleh nilai OR 10,22 (CI 6,81-15,36). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan kehamilan usia dini dengan kejadian bayi berat badan lahir rendah.

Background: In worldwide, 11% of women aged 15-19 give birth to children. Mothers who give birth at the age of <19 years are more likely to have LBW babies, adjusted to their socioeconomic, educational level and area of residence. Early childhood pregnancies in Yogyakarta were 1,078, and were considered as one of the risk factors for LBW infants, namely 422 cases in 2015. Low birth weight was the main cause of infant mortality in Bantul District, with 30 cases out of 105 infant mortality cases in 2016. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship of early pregnancy to the incidence of LBW in Bantul District. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study. Research subjects were babies born alive in Bantul 2, Dlingo 1 and II health centers, Kasihan 1, Pandak, Pajangan, Pleret, Piyungan and Sewon. Sampling was carried out using total sampling and the subdistrict cluster was taken randomly, in January 2016-February 2018. A total of 1355 respondents were obtained. The dependent variable is low birth weight baby, the independent variable is early pregnancy. Data analysis includes: univariable, bivariable, and multivariable analysis. Logistic regression is used to see the significance of early pregnancy relationships with the incidence of low birth weight infants. Results: The result of multivariable analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between early pregnancy and the incidence of LBW. After controlling for maternal education variables, OR was 5.16 (95% CI 2.10-12.68); controlled by anemia variable, OR was 13.12 (CI 8.63-19.92); and controlled by chronic energy deficiency variable, OR was 10.22 (CI 6.81-15.36). Conclusion: There is a relationship between early pregnancy and the incidence of low birth weight babies.

Kata Kunci : Kehamilan usia dini, BBLR, pendidikan, KEK, dan Anemia, Early age pregnancy, LBW, education, chronic energy deficiency and anemia.