HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH DAN STATUS GIZI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOMOTOR ANAK UMUR 24 - 59 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS HARAPAN DISTRIK SENTANI TIMUR KABUPATEN JAYAPURA

ROSITA ANTARIKSAWATI, Prof. dr. Sunartini., PhD, SpA (K).; Dr. Toto Sudargo, M.Kes

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar Belakang: Gangguan perkembangan psikomotor di negara berkembang diperkirakan 1% sampai 3% terjadi pada anak dibawah usia lima tahun, namun gangguan perkembangan ini meningkat 3% -25% pada anak- anak dalam pengasuhan dan lingkungan yang buruk. Di Indonesia skrining perkembangan yang dilakukan di 30 provinsi pada tahun 2003, dilaporkan 45,12% balita mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan baik domain personal sosial, maupun motoriknya. Di Papua, keterlambatan perkembangan psikomotor memiliki angka paling tinggi yaitu 72,5% pada tahun 2009 dan meningkat menjadi 77,7% pada tahun 2011 dan di Kabupaten Jayapura memiliki prevalensi gizi kurang yang lebih tinggi sebesar 15,1% daripada prevalensi nasional yaitu 14,4 %. Berdasarkan data penelitian tersebut, peneliti tertarik melakukan penelitian mengenai Hubungan Pola Asuh dan Status Gizi Terhadap Perkembangan Psikomotor Anak Umur 24 - 59 bulan di Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pola asuh dan status gizi terhadap perkembangan psikomotor anak umur 24 -59 bulan di Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan pengampilan sampel secara purposive sampling, jumlah sampel 150 anak umur 24 - 59 bulan dengan memenuhi ktriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura. Alat skrining perkembangan psikomotor menggunakan Denver II, pola asuh pemberian makan melalui formulir recall 1x24 jam selama 3 hari yang dianalisis menggunakan nutrisurvey 2007, kuisioner perawatan kesehatan dianalisis menggunakan skala guttman dan pemberian stimulasi dianalisis menggunakan skala likert. Status Gizi melalui pengukuran antopometri menggunakan indikator (BB/U), (BB/TB) dan (TB/U) yang dianalisis menggunakan WHO Antro 2005 . Analisis Data menggunakan analisis univariabel, analisis bivariabel menggunakan uji Chi-square dan analisis multivariabel menggunakan uji regresi logistik yang diolah menggunakan software stata 13. Hasil: Tidak ada hubungan antara pemberian makan, perawatan kesehatan, model keluarga dan status gizi (BB/U) dan status gizi (BB/TB) (p>0,05) terhadap perkembangan psikomotor anak umur 2-59 bulan di Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura tetapi ada hubungan antara pemberian stimulasi terhadap perkembangan psikomotor (p=0,001) dan status gizi (TB/U) terhadap perkembangan psikomotor anak umur 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura (p=0,011) 95% CI. Kesimpulan: Pemberian Stimulasi yang kurang dan Status TB/U kategori pendek beresiko memiliki anak dengan perkembangan psikomotor yang abnormal pada anak umur 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura..

Background: Psychomotor development disorders was estimated to occur to children under five years-old by 1-3% in Indonesia, but increased by 3-25% in children raised in bad environments and parenting. According to a development screening conducted in thirty provinces in 2003, there were 45.12% of children under five years-old suffered from retardation, either in their personal, social, or motoric. Papua had the highest percentage of children suffering from psychomotor development retardation that was 75.2% in 2009, but increasing to be 77.7% in 2011 and Jayapura had inadequate nutritional prevalence 15.1% higher than the national nutritional prevalence that was 14.4%. Based on the research data, we were interested in doing research on The Relation between Parenting and Nutritional Status and Psychomotor Development of Children Aged 24-59 Months-Old at Puskesmas Harapan Sentani Timur Jayapura. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate relation between Parenting and Nutritional Status and Psychomotor Development of Children Aged 24-59 Months-Old at Puskesmas Harapan Sentani Timur Jayapura. Methods: This research was observational-analytical research applying the crosssectional design. The sample was taken by employing the purposive sampling, consisting of 150 children aged 24-59 months-old that met both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was performed at Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura. The instrument to screen the psychomotor development was Denver II; while parenting of food supplementation was observed by hiring recall forms once in twenty four hours for three days and analyzed by using nutrisurvey 2007. Questionnaires of health care were then analyzed by utilizing the guttman scale; whereas stimulation giving was analyzed by employing the Likert scale. Nutritional status was measured by the anthropometric measurement and by hiring the indicators of Weight-for-Age (WAZ), Weight-for- Height (WHZ) and Height-for-Age (HAZ) analyzed by using WHO Antro 2005. The data analysis was conducted by doing the univariate analysis, bivariate analysis by performing the Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis by performing the logistic-regression test processed by utilizing the Stata 13 software. Result: There was no relation among food supplementation, health care, family model, and nutritional status of Weight-for-age (WAZ) and Weight-for-Hieght (WHZ) (p > 0.05). However, there was a relation between stimulation giving and psychomotor development (p = 0.001) and the nutritional status of height-for-aged (TB/U) on the psychomotor development of children aged 24-59 months-old (p = 0.011) 95% CI. Conclusion: Inadequate stimulation and stunted indicator height-for-age (HAZ) were potential causes of abnormal psychomotor development on children aged 2459 months-old in Puskesmas Harapan Sentani Timur Jayapura.

Kata Kunci : Pola Asuh, Status Gizi, Perkembangan Psikomotor, s: Parenting, Nutritional Status, Psychomotor Development