Distribusi dan Kemelimpahan Vegetasi Lantai serta Pemanfaatan Tradisionalnya oleh Masyarakat di sekitar Hutan Rakyat Desa Semoyo, Patuk, Gunung Kidul

WULAN FATIMAH ROHMAN, Siti Nurleily Marliana, Ph.D.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Hutan Rakyat Semoyo merupakan hutan reboisasi yang digalakkan oleh masyarakat Semoyo untuk meminimalisir kerusakan hutan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang distribusi dan kemelimpahan, sekaligus pemanfaatan vegetasi lantai oleh masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2017. Hutan Rakyat Semoyo dibagi menjadi 10 titik sampling yang ditentukan berdasarkan keberadaan mata air di lima dusun, meliputi Wonosari Grikak (WGr), Wonosari Mbergede (WMb), Pugeran Mundu (PMu), Pugeran Mejing (PMe), Semoyo Pule (SPu), Semoyo Jambe (SJa), Brambang Bendo (BBe), Brambang Ringin (BRi), Salak Dadap (SDa), dan Salak Ngrau (SNg). Data vegetasi lantai diambil menggunakan kuadrat plot berukuran 2x2 m2. Data pemanfaatan vegetasi lantai didapat dari wawancara kepada 20 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vegetasi lantai di Hutan Rakyat Semoyo tersusun atas 40 famili dengan 102 jenis tumbuhan, yang terdiri dari 28 jenis semak, 18 jenis liana, 20 jenis herba, 11 jenis rumput, dan 15 jenis paku. Nilai indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener 2,63–3,94 dan nilai indeks kemerataan berkisar berkisar 0,48–0,82. Panicum trigonum, Imperata cylindrica, Mimosa pudica, Chromolaena odorata, Oplismenus burmanii, Achyrantes aspera, Euphorbia hirta, Elephantopus scaber, dan Synedrella nodiflora merupakan jenis tumbuhan lantai dengan indeks nilai penting tertinggi. Stasiun Wonosari Grikak dan Wonosari Mbergede memiliki nilai Indeks Similaritas tertinggi, yaitu 71,01%. Vegetasi lantai yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebanyak 40 jenis dengan pembagian 36 jenis bahan obat-obatan, sembilan jenis bahan pangan tambahan, tiga jenis bahan pakan ternak, dua jenis bahan kosmetik, satu jenis pestisida nabati, dan dua jenis unsur budaya dan kepercayaan. Pengetahuan mengenai pemanfaatan vegetasi lantai didapat secara turun-temurun.

Semoyo Community Forest is a reforested land promoted by the Semoyo community to minimize forest destruction. This study examined the distribution and abundance, as well as the utilization of understorey vegetation by the community. The study was conducted in January-February 2017. Semoyo Social Forestry is divided into 10 sampling points determined by the presence of springs in five vilages, including Wonosari Grikak (WGr), Wonosari Mbergede (WMb), Pugeran Mundu (PMu), Pugeran Mejing (PMe) ), Semoyo Pule (SPU), Semoyo Jambe (SJa), Brambang Bendo (BBe), Brambang Ringin (BRI), Salak Dadap (SDa), and Salak Ngrau (SNg). The data of understorey vegetation was taken using square plot measuring 2x2 m2. Data of the utilization of understorey vegetation were obtained from interview to 20 respondents. The results showed that the understorey vegetation in Semoyo Social Forestry was made up of 40 families with 102 species of plants, consisting of 28 species of shrubs, 18 species of liana, 20 species of herbs, 11 types of grass, and 15 species of ferns. Shannon-Wiener diversity index value is 2.63-3.94 and the evenness index value ranges from 0.48 to 0.82. Panicum trigonum, Imperata cylindrica, Mimosa pudica, Chromolaena odorata, Oplismenus burmanii, Achyrantes aspera, Euphorbia hirta, Elephantopus scaber, and Synedrella nodiflora are the type of floor plants with the highest important value index. Wonosari Grikak and Wonosari Mbergede stations have the highest Similarity Index score of 71.01%. Understorey vegetation utilized by the community as much as 40 species with the distribution of 36 types of medicines, nine types of supplementary food, three types of animal feed ingredients, two types of cosmetic ingredients, one type of vegetable pesticides, and two types of cultural elements and beliefs. Knowledge of the utilization of the understorey vegetation was obtained for generations.

Kata Kunci : hutan reboisasi, vegetasi lantai, indeks nilai penting, pemanfaatan tradisional