KEANEKARAGAMAN NYAMUK Toxohynchites DAN NYAMUK PAKANNYA DI SEKITAR SUNGAI BEDOG, D.I YOGYAKARTA

NISA LINGGA, Drs. Hari purwanto, M.P., Ph.D

2018 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Nyamuk merupakan insekta ordo Diptera yang banyak berperan sebagai vektor penyakit seperti demam berdarah, malaria, filariasis dan demam kuning. Dibutuhkan berbagai upaya untuk mengurangi penyebaran penyakit melalui vektor nyamuk, salah satunya dengan menekan populasi nyamuk vektor. Cara efektif yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pengendalian hayati menggunakan nyamuk predator Toxorhynchites. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman, distribusi serta preferensi pakan nyamuk ini masih kurang, terutama di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman nyamuk Toxorhynchites dengan nyamuk pakannya (prey) di sekitar Sungai Bedog, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Desember 2017-Mei 2018. Penelitian ini memiliki 5 tahap yakni persiapan, survey lapangan, pengambilan sampel, pemeliharaan dan identifikasi. Persiapan, pemeliharaan dan identifikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi Fakultas Biologi UGM. Survey lapangan dan pengambilan sampel di lakukan di sepanjang tepi aliran sungai Bedog, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan dua jenis nyamuk predator yaitu Toxorhynchites leicesteria dan Toxorhynchites splendens. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk predator Toxorhynchites leicesteria memiliki preferensi pakan Tripteroides aranoides dan Aedes albopictus. Toxorhynchites splendens memiliki preferensi pakan Tripteroides aranoides, Aedes albopictus dan Aedes annandalei. Larva predator yang tidak berhasil di rearing (Toxorhynchites sp.) diduga memiliki preferensi pakan Tripteroides (Trp) sp., Tripteroides aranoides, Aedes albopictus, Aedes annandalei dan Lutzia vorax. Larva Predator dan prey yang ditemukan berada pada habitat dengan kisaran intensitas cahaya 31-9890 lux, suhu 26,4-35,4 °C, kelembaban 57-99% dan pH air 4,40-8,32.

Mosquito is an insect of dipteran order that play many roles as vector of disease such as dengue fever, malaria, filiriasi and yellow fever. It takes various efforts to reduce the spread of disease through mosquito vectors, one of them by suppressing the population of vectors (mosquitoes). The effective way that can be done is by using biological control such as predatory by mosquito of Toxorhynchites genus . Information of the diversity, distribution and prey of this genus is still lacking, especially in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to determine the diversity of Toxorhynchites mosquito and its prey in the riverside Sungai Bedog, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This research was conducted from Desember 2017-Mei 2018. There are five steps of this research. That is preparation, survey, sampling, rearing and identification. Preparation, rearing and identification were conducted in Laboratory of Entomologi, Faculty of Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. While field surveys and sampling were conducted along the riverside of Sungai Bedog, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Based on the research that has been done, the result obtained that there are two species of predatory mosquito, Toxorhynchites leicesteria and Toxorhynchites splendens. Predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites leicesteria have Tripteroides aranoides and Aedes albopictus as prey preference. Toxorhynchites splendens have Tripteroides aranoides, Aedes albopictus and Aedes annandalei as prey preference. Predatory larvae that have not success being reared and identified are suspected to have Tripteroides (Trp) sp., Tripteroides aranoides, Aedes albopictus, Aedes annandalei and Lutzia vorax as prey preference. Predator and prey larvae were found in habitat with light intensity range 31-9890 lux, temperature 26,4-35,4 °C, moisture 57-99% dan water pH 4,40-8,32.

Kata Kunci : Nyamuk, Keanekaragaman, Toxorhynchites, prey/Mosquito, Diversity, Toxorhynchites, prey