DEPRESI REMAJA KORBAN BULLYING: A SCOPING REVIEW

MUH. YUSUF ANSHORI, Azam David S, S.Kep., Ns., M.Sc.; Ayyu Sandhi, S.Kep., Ns., M.Sc.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang: Depresi merupakan pemicu utama penyakit dan kecacatan pada usia remaja. Salah satu faktor yang menjadikan usia remaja lebih rentan mengalami depresi adalah bullying. Bullying dapat didefinisikan sebagai kejadian hidup negatif yang menekan secara berulang-ulang oleh individu atau kelompok tertentu, menyebabkan kerusakan dan tekanan. Tujuan penelitian: Mereview tanda dan gejala depresi remaja yang menjadi korban bullying. Metode: Penelitian ini berupa scoping review. Proses pencarian artikel dilakukan pada database PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, dan PsycNET. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini yaitu literatur berbahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia, terbit 2013 hingga 2018, penelitian kuantitatif dan/atau kualitatif, populasi adalah remaja korban bullying yang mengalami tanda dan gejala depresi, dan dapat diakses free full text. Skrining dilakukan berdasarkan panduan PRISMA, artikel dinilai dengan Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT), ekstraksi dilakukan pada google form dan sintesis dilakukan pada hasil ekstraksi tersebut. Hasil: Didapatkan 19 artikel kuantitatif dan dari proses yang telah dilakukan, gejala depresi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga yaitu gejala psikis (gangguan kemampuan kognitif, kesepian, kecemasan, perasaan tidak berharga dan/atau rasa bersalah yang berlebihan, dan pikiran mengenai kematian), gejala fisik (perubahan nafsu makan dan/atau berat badan, gangguan tidur, kelelahan, keletihan, atau kehilangan energi), dan gejala sosial (penurunan minat terhadap semua hal). Gejala khas depresi pada remaja korban bullying adalah gejala psikis berupa ide bunuh diri, dan ide bunuh diri menjadi tanda dan gejala depresi yang paling banyak terjadi pada remaja korban bullying. Kesimpulan: Keterlibatan bullying selama masa remaja berpengaruh secara potensial untuk mengalami gejala depresi baik gejala psikis, gejala fisik, maupun gejala sosial.

Background: Depression is a significant reason for disease and disability in adolescents. One of many factors that make teenagers more vulnerable to depression is bullying. Bullying is a negative life event perpetrated over and over by an individual or a particular group, which is causing damage and pressure. Objective: To review the signs and symptoms of depression in adolescents due to bullying. Method: This research was a scoping review research. The literature search used PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and PsycNET databases. Inclusion criteria in this research were English and Bahasa Indonesia literature, published from 2013 to 2018, quantitative and/or qualitative research, population was adolescent who suffered from depression due to bullying, and available free full text. The screening was based on PRISMA guidance; articles were assessed with the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT), extraction was done on Google form and synthesis was performed on that extraction result. Results: The researchers obtained 19 quantitative articles and from the process that has been done, signs and symptoms of depression were divided into three groups, which were psychic symptoms (cognitive ability impairment, loneliness, anxiety, a sense of worthlessness and/or excessive guiltiness, and a desire for death), physical symptoms (appetite and/or weight change, sleep disorder, exhaustion, fatigue, or run out of energy), and social symptoms (lack of interest in all things). A common symptom of depression in adolescents suffered from bullying was the desire for death, and the desire for death became the most general signs and symptoms of the adolescents who became bullying victims. Conclusions: Being victim of bullying potentially affects adolescents to suffer from symptoms of depression in the form of psychic symptoms, physical symptoms, and social symtoms.

Kata Kunci : bullying, depresi, remaja, bullying, depression, adolescent