Ektoparasit Tikus (Famili Muridae) di Pasar Tradisional Kokap, Wates, dan Temon, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

RIKA NIRMASARI, Soenarwan Hery Poerwanto, S.Si., M.Kes.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Tikus merupakan hewan mammal yang berperan sebagai sumber penyakit bagi manusia. Tikus mudah beradaptasi di lingkungan yang mempunyai ketersediaan makanan cukup seperti pasar tradisional. Penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh ektoparasit tikus antara lain murine typhus, pes, dermatitis, dan scrub typus. Ektoparasit hidup di permukaan tubuh tikus dan sangat mudah berpindah ke inang lain dan dapat berperan sebagai vektor penyakit. Ektoparasit tikus meliputi anggota kelas Insecta dan Arachnida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tikus dan jenis ektoparasit, serta prevalensi dan infestasi ektoparasit pada tikus yang tertangkap di pasar tradisional Kokap, Wates, dan Temon Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian terdiri dari tahap persiapan (survey), sampling tikus dan identifikasi tikus, isolasi dan preparasi serta identifikasi ektoparasit, dan pengukuran parameter lingkungan. Hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh 3 jenis tikus (Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi, dan Mus musculus) dan 8 ektoparasit pada tikus (Laelaps echidninus, Laelaps nuttalli, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Dermanyssus gallinae, Sarcoptes scabiei, Polyplax spinulosa, Hoplopleura pacifica, dan Xenopsylla cheopis). Prevalensi tikus yang terinfeksi ektoparasit adalah 85,71% dan rerata derajat infestasi ektoparasit 10,28.

Rats are mammal animal that act as source of disease. Rats are able to adapt to the environment that provide avaibility of food include traditional market. Zoonotic diseases caused by rat ectoparasites include murine typhus, pes, dermatitis, and typhoid scrubs. The ectoparasites was lived on the surface of the rats body and they are very easy for moved to another host and that was act as vector of disease. The ectoparasites of rats was included Insecta and Arachnida Class. The research aims to study the types of rats and ectoparasites, and the prevalence and infestation of ectoparasites in rats were captured in the traditional markets of Kokap, Wates, and Temon Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The method of research were included survey stages, sampling of rats and rats identification, isolation and preparation and ectoparasites identification, and measurement of environmental parameter. The results showed that were 3 types of rats (Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi and Mus musculus) and 8 species of ectoparasites (Laelaps echidninus, Laelaps nuttalli, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Dermanyssus gallinae, Sarcoptes scabiei, Polyplax spinulosa, Hoplopleura pacifica, and Xenopsylla cheopis). The prevalence of ectoparasite-infected rats was 85.71% and the infestation of ectoparasites was 10.28.

Kata Kunci : tikus, ektoparasit, pasar, prevalensi, infestasi