DELIMITASI BATAS MARITIM ANTARA INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA DI LAUT SULAWESI

MEGA RATRI ADIELA S, I Made Andi Arsana, S.T., M.E., Ph.D.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK GEODESI

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan bertetangga dengan sepuluh negara, salah satunya adalah Malaysia. Indonesia dan Malaysia memiliki kawasan tumpang tindih di beberapa kawasan laut, satu diantaranya ialah Laut Sulawesi. Ketidakjelasan batas Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif dan landas kontinen antara Indonesia dan Malaysia di Laut Sulawesi mengakibatkan terjadinya sengketa terkait potensi kelautan, sebagai contoh Blok Ambalat. Penyelesaian sengketa Blok Ambalat dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan delimitasi batas maritim. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan delimitasi batas maritim antara Indonesia dan Malaysia di Laut Sulawesi dengan metode Pendekatan Tiga Tahap (Three Stage Approach). Delimitasi dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan penggunaan garis pangkal kedua negara sehingga menghasilkan dua opsi garis batas. Opsi pertama, Indonesia memakai garis pangkal kepulauan dan Malaysia memakai garis pangkal normal. Opsi kedua, Indonesia memakai garis pangkal kepulauan dan Malaysia memakai garis pangkal kombinasi antara garis pangkal normal dan garis pangkal lurus di beberapa segmen. Selain itu, diasumsikan bahwa garis batas landas kontinen sama dengan garis batas ZEE. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan luas area ZEE untuk Indonesia dan Malaysia berdasarkan dua opsi garis batas. Opsi pertama memberikan hasil luasan area ZEE untuk Indonesia dan Malaysia berturut-turut sebesar 17.686,053 km2 dan 7.540,938 km2. Opsi kedua memberikan hasil luasan area ZEE untuk Indonesia dan Malaysia berturut-turut sebesar 15.709,640 km2 dan 7.676,717 km2. Letak Blok Ambalat berada pada kawasan landas kontinen Indonesia, sedangkan posisi Blok Ambalat Timur berada ditengah-tengah batas landas kontinen antara Indonesia dan Malaysia.

Indonesia as an archipelagic country with ten neighboring countries, one of which is Malaysia. Indonesia and Malaysia have overlapping areas in several maritime areas, one of which is the Celebes Sea. The uncertainty of the boundaries of the Exclusive Economic Zone and the continental shelf between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Celebes Sea has consequently resulted in a dispute related to the maritime resources, for example, the Ambalat Block. Settlement of Ambalat Block disputes can be done by delimiting maritime boundaries. In this research, the delimitation of maritime boundaries between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Celebes Sea has been used by the implementation of the Three Stage Approach method. Delimitation is done by taking into account the use of the baselines of the two countries resulting in two boundary options. The first option, Indonesia uses the archipelagic baselines and Malaysia uses the normal baseline. The second option, Indonesia uses the archipelagic baselines and Malaysia uses combined baselines consisting of the normal baselines and the straight line in some segments. Other than that, it is assumed that the boundary of the continental shelf is equal to the limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone. The results of this study show the size of areas of EEZ for Indonesia and Malaysia based on two boundary options. The first option provides the results of the EEZ area for Indonesia and Malaysia respectively of 17.686,053 km2 and 7.540,938 km2. The second option provides the results of the EEZ area for Indonesia and Malaysia respectively by 15.709,640 km2 and 7.676,717 km2. The location of the Ambalat Block is in the continental shelf area of Indonesia, while the position of the East Ambalat Block is at the center of the continental shelf boundary between Indonesia and Malaysia.

Kata Kunci : Delimitasi batas maritim, Indonesia, Malaysia, Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif, Blok Ambalat, Laut Sulawesi, Pendekatan Tiga Tahap