STRATEGI KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP PENGOJEK PEREMPUAN PENYINTAS TRAGEDI LUMPUR LAPINDO DI SIDOARJO

HANIFATI ALIFA R, Dr. Bambang Hudayana, M.A.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ANTROPOLOGI

Pada 29 Mei 2006, lumpur menyembur di dekat lokasi pengeboran sumur Banjar Panji-1 PT. Lapindo Brantas di Porong, Sidoarjo. Tragedi semburan lumpur ini melahirkan perubahan sosial budaya luar biasa. Perempuan merupakan bagian dari kelompok rentan serta sosok terdampak dalam peristiwa ini. Tesis ini membahas bagaimana kehidupan penyintas perempuan yang kini menjadi pengojek perempuan di atas tanggul semburan, rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana strategi penyintas perempuan mengatasi kesulitan atas guncangan semburan lumpur, serta upaya memanfaatkan modal sosial sebagai sumber dukungan melalui peran kerabat, pemerintah dan LSM. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif menggunakan metode life history. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan strategi yang dilakukan pengojek perempuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga yakni (1) pemanfaatan sumber daya internal rumah tangga, membangun hubungan tolong menolong, (2) terlibat sektor informal dan (3) mengupayakan dukungan dari aktor/lembaga seperti institusi negara dan organisasi swasta. Ketiga penyintas memiliki kecenderungan berbeda dalam memanfaatkan dan mengupayakan ragam modal sosial sebagai salah satu strategi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dan mengatasi kesulitan atas guncangan semburan lumpur yang menimpa rumah tangga mereka. Ragam tipe modal sosial sebagaimana konsepsi Woolcock dalam Field (2010) bersifat mengikat (bonding), menjembatani (bridging) dan menghubungkan (linking). Perbedaan status antara ketiga informan pengojek yakni buruh, ibu rumah tangga penuh waktu dan aktivis memberi perbedaan akses atau pemanfaatan modal sosial. Adapun informan status buruh memanfaatkan modal sosial menjembatani, informan status ibu rumah tangga memanfaatkan ketiga tipe modal sosial dan informan aktivis memanfaatkan modal sosial menjembatani dan menghubungkan.

ABSTRACT On May 29, 2006, mud has exploded near the Banjar Panji-1 well drilling site. PT Lapindo Brantas in Porong, Sidoarjo. This mud volcano tragedy created social and cultural changes. In thi tragedy, women are part of a vulnerable group. This thesis discusses the lives of survivors of women who are now motorbike drivers on the mud embankment, the problem of this research is how the survivors strategies cope with difficulties in the mudflow shocks, as well as efforts to utilize social capital as a source of support through the role of relatives, government and NGOs. This research is qualitative using life history method. This study show that there are similarities in the strategies of the three survivors of Aminah, Aisyah and Suciati to to meet their household needs (1) internal resource utilization, building relationships and helping, (2) engaging in the informal sector and (3) seeking support from actors / institutions such as state institutions and private organizations. The three survivors have different tendencies in utilizing andpursuing a variety of social capital as a strategy in fulfilling the needs of life and overcoming the difficulties of mudflow shocks that hit their households. Variety of types of social capital as Woolcock's conception in Field (2010) which is bonding, bridging and linking. The difference status between the three survivors between laborers, full-time housewives and activists, gives differences in access or utilization of social capital. First, capitalize on social capital bridging. Second, utilizing the three types of social capital and third, utilizing bridging and linking social capital. The three survivors have different tendencies in utilizing and pursuing a variety of social capital as a strategy in fulfilling the needs of life and overcoming the difficulties of mudflow shocks that hit their households. The range of social capital in question is as Woolcock's conception in Field (2010) namely bonding, bridging and linking social capital. The difference status between three survivor, its laborer, full time housewive and activist give different acces or utilization of social capital. The laborer informan utitlization bridging social capital, housewive informan utitlization all type of social capital and activist informant utitlization bridging and linking social capital.

Kata Kunci : strategi kelangsungan hidup, penyintas perempuan, modal sosial, kasus Lapindo