Gambaran Potensi Medication Error dan Peran Apoteker dalam Upaya Mencegah Medication Error di dalam Pelayanan Resep Racikan di Puskesmas Kotagede I Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

GALIH PUSPITA ANGGRAINI, Septimawanto Dwi Prasetyo, M.Si., Apt.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Beberapa pasien terkadang membutuhkan pemberian obat racikan yang harus dibuat sesuai prosedur tetap dan benar. Peresepan obat racikan berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan dan penyebab terjadinya medication error. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil resep racikan, potensi medication error yang terjadi dan peran apoteker di dalam mengatasi potensi medication error pada pelayanan resep racikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 600 resep racikan menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling pada periode Januari-Juni 2017 di Puskesmas Kotagede I Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Wawancara juga dilakukan terhadap apoteker yang dianalisis dengan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil resep racikan dengan pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 322 resep (53,67%) dan laki-laki sebanyak 278 resep (46,33%), rentang usia tertinggi pada 2-6 tahun sebanyak 242 resep (40,33%). Jumlah R/ racikan tertinggi adalah 1 (satu) R/, 561 resep (93,50%) dengan jumlah item obat tertinggi yaitu 3 item sebanyak 187 recipe (28,99%) dan jenis obat tertinggi klorfeniramin maleat sebanyak 313 resep (18,34%) serta bentuk sediaan racikan berupa pulveres 645 recipe (100%). Potensi medication error ditemukan pada aspek administratif sebanyak 600 error (40,19%), farmasetik 298 error (19,96%) dan klinis 595 error (39,85%). Peran apoteker dalam mencegah dan mengatasi permasalahan baik pada aspek administratif, farmasetik, dan klinis dengan melakukan konfirmasi kembali ke dokter dan melakukan evaluasi 3 kali setahun dalam program Monitoring, Planning, Training (MTP)

Some patients sometimes need the provision of compounding drug. The compounding drug which is done must be suitable with the procedure. Prescribing the compounding drug potentially provokes the problem and the cause of medication error. The aim of this research is to know the profile of compounding drug prescription, potential medication error, and the role of pharmacist in overcoming the medication error in the service of compounding drug prescription. The research used the observational method. The sample was taken as many as 600 compounding drug prescription by the technique of stratified random sampling in period January-June 2017 at Puskesmas Kotagede I DIY. The interview was done with the pharmacist and analyzed with content analysis. The result of this research showed the profile of compounding drug prescription with the female patients as many as 322 prescriptions (53,67%) and the male patients as many as 278 prescriptions (46,33%), the highest age range at 2-6 years, 242 prescriptions (40,33%). The highest number of compounding drug prescription was 1 prescription, 561 prescriptions (28,99%) with the highest number of drug was 3 items, 187 recipe (28,99%) and the highest drug type of CTM, 313 prescriptions (18,34%), and the type of compounding drug in the form of pulveres, 645 recipe (100%). The potential medication error was found on the administrative aspect, 600 errors (40,19%), pharmaceutical 298 errors (19,96%), and clinical, 595 errors (39,85%). The role of pharmacist in preventing and solving the problem was by doing the confirmation to the doctor and doing the evaluation 3 times a year in the program of Monitoring, Planning, Training (MTP).

Kata Kunci : Resep racikan, puskesmas, apoteker, medication error