POTENSI ANTIKANKER TEMU KUNCI (Boesenbergia pandurata) PADA SEL KANKER PAYUDARA 4T1 TERTARGET ENZIM METABOLISME

MARSYA YONNA NURRACHMA, Prof. Dr. Edy Meiyanto, M.Si., Apt.; Dr. rer.nat. Adam Hermawan, M.Sc., Apt.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Kanker dicirikan oleh pertumbuhannya yang abnormal sehingga ia memerlukan energi yang melimpah untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Oleh karena itu, optimalisasi reactive oxygen species (ROS) dan manipulasi enzim aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) dilakukan sel kanker dalam metabolisme energi. Pengobatan kanker saat ini belum mampu secara khusus mentarget metabolisme sel kanker. Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai antikanker tertarget enzim metabolisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi ekstrak temu kunci (ETK) dalam meningkatkan ROS dan menghambat ALDH pada sel 4T1. Profil fitokimia ETK diamati dengan KLT, kemudian dilakukan uji sitotoksiksisitas untuk mendapatkan nilai IC50. Pengukuran level ROS intraseluler dilakukan dengan DCFDA staining dan dihitung mean fluorescence yang dihasilkan. Penghambatan aktivitas spesifik enzim ALDH dilakukan dengan metode ALDH activity assay dan dihitung aktivitas spesifik enzim ALDH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ETK bersifat sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara 4T1 dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 38 µg/mL. Perlakuan ETK selama 4 jam mampu meningkatkan level ROS intraseluler. Lebih lanjut, perlakuan ETK selama 24 jam tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas spesifik enzim ALDH. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ETK berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai antikanker melalui peningkatan level ROS intraseluler.

Cancer is characterized by abnormal growth, so it requires abundant energy to meet its needs. Thus, optimization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and manipulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes are performed by cancer cells in energy metabolism. Current cancer treatment has not been abled to specifically target the cancer cells metabolism. Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) exhibits the potency to be developed as anticancer targeted on metabolism enzyme. This study aims to examine the potency of fingerroot extract (FE) in increasing ROS level and inhibiting ALDH in 4T1 cells. In this study, we observed the phytochemical profile of FE with TLC and performed cytotoxicity test to obtain IC50 value. The intracellular ROS level measurement was performed with DCFDA staining and mean fluorescence being calculated as the result. Inhibition of the specific activity of ALDH enzyme was done by ALDH activity assay method and specific activity of ALDH enzyme being calculated. The results showed that FE is cytotoxic against 4T1 breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 38 μg/mL. FE treatment for 4 hours can increase intracellular ROS level. Furthermore, FE treatment for 24 hours was not able to affect the specific activity of ALDH enzyme. This study showed that FE is potential to be developed as an anticancer agent especially through the increasing of intracellular ROS level.

Kata Kunci : Boesenbergia pandurata, 4T1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).