Efektivitas Penanggulangan Risiko Bencana Alam Melalui Pendekatan Kolaboratif di Desa Wukirsari, Kabupaten Bantul

FANDI PRADANA, Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, MA., Ph.D.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Risiko bencana alam merupakan potensi kerugian yang dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kapasitas, kerentanan dalam menghadapi bahaya bencana alam. Upaya penanggulangan risiko bencana alam bertujuan untuk mereduksi tingkat risiko tersebut. Upaya penanggulangan risiko bencana alam di kawasan perdesaan cenderung lebih sulit dibandingkan kawasan perkotaan. Kesulitan tersebut salah satunya disebabkan karena keterbatasan pengorganisasian sumber daya materiil maupun non-materiil. Pendekatan kolaboratif dinilai mampu mendukung upaya penanggulangan risiko bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas penanggulangan risiko bencana secara kolaboratif serta mengidentifikasi faktor efektivitas penanggulangan risiko bencana secara kolaboratif. Desa Wukirsari sebagai lokasi penelitian ini, merupakan salah satu desa rawan bencana di Kabupaten Bantul yang secara aktif menjalankan penanggulangan risiko bencana melalui kerja sama antara aktor masyarakat dan pemerintah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni deduktif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, Desa Wukirsari sebagai desa yang rawan terhadap bencana tanah longsor dan banjir, berupaya menyelenggarakan penanggulangan risiko bencana melalui kolaborasi lembaga masyarakat dengan BPBD dan Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Bantul. Prinsip pendekatan kolaboratif tampak pada penanggulangan risiko bencana alam di Desa Wukirsari yang terbagi menjadi tujuh aspek penanggulangan. Namun tidak seluruhnya sesuai, prinsip keterpaduan pengetahuan serta upaya bersama pada pengawasan masih belum tercapai sepenuhnya. Secara keseluruhan, penanggulangan risiko bencana secara kolaboratif di Desa Wukirsari berjalan efektif pada aspek legislasi, kelembagaan, pembiayaan, tanggap darurat dan pemulihan. Efektivitas tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor modal sosial berupa kegotongroyongan dan pendayagunaan organisasi sosial, serta faktor peran kepemimpinan yang mendukung kolaborasi aktor masyarakat dan pakar.

Disaster risk is a potential of losing that depends on the capacity level, and the vulnerability level to face the danger of disaster. Disaster risk reduction aimed to reduce the risk level. Disaster risk reduction in villages is harder than in an urban area. One of this problem is the limited skill of organizing resources. The collaborative approach considered could support the disaster risk reduction. This research aimed to measures the effectiveness of disaster risk reduction through collaborative approach and identify the effectiveness factors. Wukirsari village as the location of this research is one of the prone disaster villages in Bantul Regency. Wukirsari village continuously run the disaster risk reduction through collaboration between community and government. Qualitative deductive used as the research method. Qualitative data collection run by interview and field observation. Based on the data analysis, Wukirsari village as the prone flood and landslide disaster continuously run the disaster risk reduction through collaboration between community organization, BPBD and Dinas Sosial of Bantul Regency. The principle of the collaborative approach appears in that disaster risk reduction. The disaster risk reduction divided into seven aspects. Not a hundred percent of the collaborative approach suitable. The principle of actor integration and togetherness yet achieve a hundred percent. Overall, the collaborative disaster risk reduction in Wukirsari village run effectively on legislation, organization, funding, response, and recovery. The effectiveness influenced by social capital factor that consists togetherness and social organization empowerment. The second factor is supportive leadership.

Kata Kunci : Penanggulangan bencana, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Pendekatan kolaboratif, Efektivitas/ Disaster management, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Collaborative approach, Effectiveness