Keanekaragaman Ikan pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Pandan, Kebupaten Pariaman

MIFTAH IDFA' SYAFINAH, Dr. Ir. Djumanto, M.Sc

2018 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman ikan karang di kawasan konservasi perairan Pulau Pandan, Taman Wisata Peraira Pulau Pieh, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2018 di perairan Pulau Pandan. Jumlah dan jenis ikan diamati dari 3 stasiun pada kedalaman 5 m dan 10 m. Pengamatan jenis dan jumlah spesies ikan dilakukan dengan metode Belt Transect dan Underwater Visual Census (UVC) pada transek sepanjang 50 m dengan jarak pandang 2,5 m kiri dan kanan. Jenis ikan diidentifikasi secara langsung berdasarkan bentuk dan warna. Pemotretan dan video dilakukan untuk identifikasi tidak langsung. Data dianalisis menggunakan indeks biologis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh indeks keanekaragaman ikan (H) tergolong tinggi dengan nilai berkisar antara 2,96-3,31, indeks kemerataan (E) antara 0,62-0,69 dan indeks dominansi (C) berkisar antara 0,05-0,12 dan nilai kemelimpahan ikan (D) berkisar 0,50-2,43 ekor/m2 dengan total cacah individu ikan sebanyak 2002 ekor dari 123 spesies berasal dari 26 famili. Komposisi jumlah ikan mayor paling dominan mencapai 65%, target mencapai 29% dan indikator 6%. Secara keseluruhan spesies ikan paling banyak adalah Odonus niger yang berasal dari famili balistidae dengan proporsi sebanyak 13,09%.

The objectives of the research was to study the density and diversity of reef fishes in conservation areas of Pandan Island waters, Marine Tourism Park of Pieh Island, West Sumatra. The study was conducted on January 2018 in the waters of Pandan Island. The amount and species of fishes was observed in 3 stations at the depth of 5 m and 10 m. The study was conducted by Belt Transect and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) at 50 m long transect with 2.5 m distance at both side of left and right. The catch species was directly identified by morphology and color. Photograph was taken for indirect identification. The data was analyzed based on biological index. The results showed that the fish diversity index (H) was ranged from 2.96 to 3.31, the evenness (E) ranged from 0.62 to 0.69, the dominance index (C) ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 and the density (D) ranged from 0.50 to 2.43 individual/m2. The total of reef fish was found as many as 2002 individual comprised of 123 species from 26 families. The most number and dominant family were found in type of major fish achieved 65%, while target species was around 29% and indicator species 6%. The highest number of species is Odonus niger member of balistidae family with value 13.09%.

Kata Kunci : ikan, keanekaragaman, konservasi, Pulau Pandan