Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Bunga Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale) sebagai Bahan Antibakteri Larutan Kumur terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans

ANGGITA WENDY, Dr. drg. Dyah Irnawati, M.S.; Dr. drg. Harsini, M.S.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Pemanfaatan bahan alami sebagai bahan aktif bersifat antibakteri dalam larutan kumur telah banyak dilakukan. Bunga jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale) mengandung senyawa-senyawa fenolik seperti asam anakardat, asam galat, triterpena, flavonoid, dan xanthones yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri kariogenik Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak bunga jambu mete sebagai bahan antibakteri larutan kumur terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat 5 kelompok konsentrasi ekstrak bunga jambu mete dalam larutan kumur yaitu 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30%. Larutan kumur dibuat masing-masing 10 mL dengan melarutkan ekstrak bunga jambu mete konsentrasi 10%-30%, 0,1 mL sorbitol, dan 0,15 mL peppermint dalam akuades. Bakteri S. mutans ditanam dalam media MHA, kemudian larutan kumur konsentrasi 10%-30% (50 L) dimasukkan dalam sumuran pada media agar dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC (n= 4). Diameter zona hambat diukur dengan jangka sorong ketelitian 0,05 mm. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANAVA satu jalur dengan ketelitian 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata diameter zona hambat adalah 18,44 0,49 mm (kelompok 10%), 18,80 0,78 mm (15%), 21,80 0,28 mm (20%), 23,72 0,77 mm (25%), dan 24,47 0,40 mm (30%). Uji ANAVA menunjukkan konsentrasi ekstrak bunga jambu mete 10%-30% dalam larutan kumur berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap diameter zona hambat S. mutans (p0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi ekstrak bunga jambu mete sebagai bahan antibakteri larutan kumur berpengaruh meningkatkan daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans.

The utilization of natural ingredients as active components with antibacterial property in mouthwash have been widely known and used. Cashew tree flower (Anacardium occidentale) contains phenolic substances like anacardic acid, gallic acid, triterpenes, flavonoids, and xanthones that possess antibacterial activities on cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans. The objective of the research was to study the effects of cashew tree flowers’ extract concentration as active components in mouthwash on growth of Streptococcus mutans. This research was conducted by making 5 groups of cashew tree flower extract in mouthwash which are 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Mouthwashes were made 10 mL each by dissolving 10%-30% cashew tree flower extract, 0.1 mL sorbitol, and 0.15 mL peppermint in aquadest. S. mutans bacteria were grown in solid media MHA, then mouthwashes with 10%-30% extract concentration (50 L) were applied to the wells within MHA and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC temperature (n= 4). Inhibition zone diameter were measured using vernier caliper with 0.05 mm scale. The accuired data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence interval. The result of this research showed the mean inhibition zone diameter within 5 groups which are 18.44 0.49 mm (10% group), 18.80 0.78 mm (15%), 21.80 0.28 mm (20%), 23.72 0.77 mm (25%), and 24.47 0.40 mm (30%). ANOVA result shows that cashew tree flower extract in mouthwash with concentration of 10%-30% significantly affects the inhibition zone diameter on S. mutans (p0.05). Conclusion of this research was that concentrations of cashew tree flower as antibacterial components in mouthwash increases inhibition strength on growth of S. mutans.

Kata Kunci : Bunga jambu mete, konsentrasi, larutan kumur, antibakteri, Streptococcus mutans