A Carrying Capacity Assessment of Ketingan Tourist Village as a Tourism Destination

HANA MAHDAYANI, Dr. Mohamad Yusuf, M.A.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PARIWISATA

Desa Wisata Ketingan adalah salah satu pionir pendirian beberapa desa wisata di Yogyakarta. Desa wisata yang paling terkenal karena daya tarik alamnya yang unik yaitu adanya kawanan burung bangau yang tinggal di Desa Ketingan. Dengan adanya kegiatan pariwisata yang terjadi di desa, ada kebutuhan untuk menyeimbangkan kegiatan pariwisata dengan kelestarian lingkungan. Kondisi ini dikhawatirkan berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan jika jumlah wisatawan meningkat. Ada kebutuhan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut tentang penilaian daya dukung pariwisata di Desa Wisata Ketingan untuk menentukan jumlah maksimum wisatawan yang dapat diakomodasi dalam desa wisata, yang juga dipengaruhi oleh aspek biofisik lingkungan serta manajemen kapasitas tujuan. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada metode daya dukung Cifuentes (1992) yang terdiri dari Fisik Membawa Kapasitas (PCC), Real Membawa Kapasitas (RCC), dan Efektif Membawa Kapasitas (ECC). Penilaian penelitian ini dibagi menjadi beberapa wilayah yang tersegmentasi berdasarkan kegiatan terkonsentrasi yang terjadi di daerah. Hasil dari daya dukung ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai PCC dari luas sawah adalah 381 wisatawan / hari, sedangkan untuk kegiatan pembajakan padi adalah 169 wisatawan dan untuk melakukan upacara Angler/Wiwit adalah 4.352 wisatawan/kegiatan; PCC di area sekolah adalah 2.769 wisatawan/hari, 2.769 wisatawan/pertunjukan Jathilan, dan untuk kegiatan outbound adalah 1.667 wisatawan/kegiatan; PCC di halaman rumah adalah 2.755 wisatawan/hari, 2.777 dan 4.493 wisatawan/pertunjukan Gejog Lesung dan Pekbung; sementara PCC dari Embung Ketingan adalah 175.642. Perhitungan RCC dengan pertimbangan dari berbagai faktor koreksi menghasilkan 92 wisatawan/hari di daerah persawahan, 49 dan 1.265 wisatawan/kegiatan pembajakan padi dan upacara Angler/Wiwit; 589 wisatawan/hari di area sekolah, 966 dan 484 wisatawan/kegiatan pertunjukan Jathilan dan outbond; 97 wisatawan/hari di halaman rumah, 87 dan 118 wisatawan/pertunjukan Gejog Lesung dan Pekbung; dan 91.454 pengunjung/hari di embung. Hasil dari ECC mengingat kapasitas manajemen adalah 9 wisatawan/hari di area persawahan, 5 dan 127 wisatawan/kegiatan pembajakan padi dan upacara Angler/Wiwit; 59 wisatawan/hari di halaman sekolah, 97 dan 48 wisatawan/kegiatan Jathilan dan outbond; 9 wisatawan / hari di halaman rumah, dan 9 dan 12 wisatawan/pertunjukan Gejog Lesung dan Pekbung; dan 9.145 pengunjung/hari di Embung Ketingan. Perbandingan daya dukung dengan rata-rata jumlah wisatawan aktual per hari di Desa Wisata Ketingan sebesar 1 wisatawan/hari belum melebihi nilai penilaian daya dukung yang dilakukan di desa wisata. Berdasarkan hasil dari semua penilaian yang juga mempertimbangkan aspek biofisik lingkungan dan kapasitas manajemen, pengembangan desa wisata dapat lebih dioptimalkan.

Ketingan Tourist Village is one of the pioneers of the establishment of several tourist villages in Yogyakarta. It is the most well-known tourist village due to its unique natural attraction, the presence of herds of heron who lives within the Ketingan Village. With the existence of tourism activities in the village, there is a need to balance the tourism activities with the environmental sustainability. This condition could give impact on the damage to the environment if the number of tourists increases. There is a need to conduct further research about the assessment of the tourism carrying capacity in Ketingan Tourist Village to determine the maximum number of tourists which can be accommodate within the tourist village, which is also influenced by the biophysical aspects of the environment as well as the management capacity of the destination. This research is based on the carrying capacity method of Cifuentes (1992) which consists of Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC), and Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC). The assessment of this research is divided into several segmented areas based on the concentrated activities occurs in the areas. The result of the carrying capacity shows that the PCC value of the rice fields area is 381 tourists/day, meanwhile who do the rice plowing activity is 169 tourists and who is also perform Angler/Wiwit ceremony is 4,352 tourists/activity; PCC of the schoolyard area is 2,769 tourists/day, 2,769 tourists/show of Jathilan, 1,667 tourists/activity for outbound activity; PCC of house yard is 2,755 tourists/day, 2,777 and 4,493 tourists/show of Gejog Lesung and Pekbung; meanwhile PCC of Embung Ketingan is 175,642 tourist/day. The calculation of RCC regarding to the variations of the correction factors is resulting in 92 tourists/day in the rice field area, 49 and 1,265 tourists/activity for rice plowing activity and Angler/Wiwit ceremony; 589 tourists/day in the schoolyard area, 966 and 484 tourists/activity for Jathilan show and outbound activity; 97 tourists/day in the house yard, 87 and 118 tourists/show of Gejog Lesung and Pekbung; and 91,454 visitors/day in the embung. The result of ECC considering the management capacity is 9 tourists/day in the ricefields area, 5 and 127 tourists/activity of rice plowing activity and Angler/Wiwit ceremony; 59 tourists/day in the schoolyard, 97 and 48 tourists/activity of Jathilan and outbound activity; 9 tourists/day at the house yard, and 9 and 12 tourists/show for Gejog Lesung and Pekbung; and 9,145 visitors/day in Embung Ketingan. A comparison of the carrying capacity with the average number of the actual tourists per day in Ketingan Tourist Village which is 1 tourist/day has not yet exceeded the value of the carrying capacity assessment done in the tourist village. Based on the result of all assessments which is related to the biophysical aspect of the environment and the management capacity, the development of the tourist village could be more optimized.

Kata Kunci : Keywords: tourism carrying capacity, carrying capacity assessment, tourist village, Ketingan Tourist Village