TRANSFORMASI KELEMBAGAAN UNIT USAHA SYARIAH KE DALAM BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

KHOTIBUL UMAM, Dr. Paripurna,S.H.,M.Hum.,LL.M; Prof. Dr. Syamsul Anwar, MA

2018 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU HUKUM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pertimbangan dan proses transformasi UUS BUK ke dalam BUS melalui Pemisahan dalam bentuk Acquisition Model, kesesuaian pertimbangan dan proses dimaksud terhadap Prinsip Syariah, dan implikasi lahirnya BUS dalam konstelasi Perusahaan Kelompok. Pertimbangan dan proses tersebut ditinjau dari aspek makro dan aspek mikro, serta dilihat kesesuaiannya terhadap prinsip syariah dan implikasinya ditinjau dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penelitian mengenai transformasi kelembagaan Unit Usaha Syariah ke dalam Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia, merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yaitu penelitian yang mendasarkan pada penelitian kepustakaan untuk memperoleh data sekunder di bidang hukum. Guna melengkapi data yang diperoleh dari kepustakaan, maka dilakukan penelitian empiris berupa penelitian lapangan melalui pencarian dokumen hukum dan wawancara terhadap narasumber. Narasumber dalam penelitian ini, yaitu PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Bukopin Tbk, PT Bank Tabungan Pembangunan Nasional Tbk, PT Bank BRISyariah, PT Bank Syariah Bukopin, PT Bank BTPN Syariah, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia, dan Karim Consulting Indonesia. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan dan proses transformasi UUS BUK ke dalam BUS melalui Pemisahan dalam Model Akuisisi (Acquisition Model) secara makro berupa adanya keinginan dari Pemerintah untuk memisahkan tata kelola syariah secara kelembagaan dengan tata kelola perbankan konvensional melalui pembentukan BUS atau pengalihan hak dan kewajiban UUS BUK ke dalam BUS yang sudah ada guna mencapai tujuan akhir berupa peningkatan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap industri perbankan syariah, sedangkan pertimbangan utama secara mikro dari masing-masing BUK yang melakukan transformasi UUS adalah dalam rangka mencapai fokus dan independensi. Pertimbangan dan proses dimaksud secara positif telah memenuhi prinsip syariah yang tertuang dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI terutama Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 31/DSN-MUI/VI/2002 tentang Pengalihan Utang dan secara negatif tidak mengandung unsur riba, maysir, gharar, haram, dan bathil. Lebih lanjut lahirnya BUS hasil transformasi UUS BUK dalam konstelasi perusahaan kelompok (goup company), berimplikasi pada adanya kemandirian secara yuridis dan ketikdamandirian secara ekonomis yang terwujud dalam bentuk pengendalian BUK terhadap BUS selaku induk dan anak perusahaan dalam aspek permodalan, jaringan kantor, sumber daya manusia, dan sistem teknologi informasi, serta adanya kemandirian relatif bagi BUS tersebut dalam memberikan produk dan aktivitas perbankan sesuai dengan prinsip syariah.

The purposes of this research to know and analyze the consideration and process of Sharia Business Unit of Commercial Bank into Sharia Commercial Bank throughout Spin-Off in Acquisition Model form, the suitability of those consideration and process to Sharia Principles, and the implication of the arising Sharia Commercial Bank in Group Company constellation. Those consideration and process were looked at from macro aspect and micro aspect, and also were looked at of this conformity to Sharia Principles and the implication based on laws and regulations. The research regarding institutional transformation of Sharia Business Unit into Sharia Commercial Bank in Indonesia were normative legal research, i.e. research based on library research to gain secondary data in law field. To complete data were received from library, furthermore followed by field research as an empirical legal research throughout finding legal document and interviewing expertise who came from PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Bukopin Tbk, PT Bank Tabungan Pembangunan Nasional Tbk, PT Bank BRISyariah, PT Bank Syariah Bukopin, PT Bank BTPN Syariah, Financial Service Authority, National Sharia Board-Council of Ulama in Indonesia, and Karim Consulting Indonesia. Data analyse based on qualitative methode. The research showed that the consideration and process of Sharia Business Unit Commercial Bank transformation into Sharia Commercial Bank throughout Spin-off in Acquisition Model scheme at macro perspective i.e. the intention of Government to separate sharia governance institutionaly with conventional bank governance throughout establishing Sharia Commercial Bank or moving existing rights and obligations of Sharia Business Unit into Sharia Commercial Bank to reach ultimate goal, i.e. to increase the trust of the society about sharia banking industry, while the main micro consideration of each Commercial Bank, that have done of the Sharia Business Unit transformation, that is to reach focus and independency. Those consideration and process positively have fullfilled the sharia principles at Fatwa (Islamic legal opinion), especially Fatwa DSN-MUI (Sharia National Board � Council Ulama of Indonesia) No. 31/DSN-MUI/VI/2002 regarding Take Over and negatively there were not existing forbiden elements, i.e. riba (usury), maysir (speculative), gharar (uncertainty), haram (prohibited), and bathil (illegaly). Furthermore, Sharia Commercial Bank as a result of transformation Sharia Business Unit-Commercial Bank in group company constelation have implication in legal independency and economical dependency, in form of controlling Commercial Bank to Islamic Commercial Bank as a parent and subsidiary, in the field of capital, office network, human resources, and information technology system, and also the existing of relative independency of those Sharia Commercial Bank to give bank products and activities in line with sharia principles.

Kata Kunci : Transformasi, Pemisahan, Prinsip Syariah, Perusahaan Kelompok, Transformation, Spin-Off, Sharia Principles, Group Company