PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN TOTAL ANGKA KUMAN UDARA RUANG RAWAT INAP AC DAN NON AC DI RS PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

YANIAR NURHADINI W, dr. Titik Nuryastuti M.Si, Sp.MK(K), Ph.d

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar Belakang: Rumah sakit sebagai salah satu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang berfungsi sebagai tempat penyembuhan dan pemulihan kesehatan, namun juga bisa menjadi sumber distribusi penyakit. World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan bahwa di 55 rumah sakit yang mewakili 4 kawasan di dunia (Eropa, Timur Tengah, Asia Tenggara dan Pasifik Barat) menunjukkan sekitar 8,7% pasien rumah sakit mengalami infeksi nosokomial dan lebih dari 1,4 juta orang diseluruh dunia menderita komplikasi dari infeksi yang diperoleh di rumah sakit. Salah satu penyebab infeksi nosokomial adalah tingginya angka kuman udara di rumah sakit. Berdasarkan data angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial tahun 2017 yang didapatkan dari bagian PPI RS X Yogyakarta angka kejadian penyakit infeksi nosokomial sebesar 1,6 %. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik fisik dan total angka kuman udara ruang rawat inap AC dan Non AC di Rumah Sakit X. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel angka kuman dan pengukuran karakteristik fisik dilakukan pada pagi dan sore hari. Hasil: Total angka kuman udara di 12 ruang rawat inap AC dan non AC pada pagi dan sore hari rata-rata belum memenuhi syarat. Hasil pengukuran suhu di 12 ruangan semuanya tidak memenuhi syarat (29-31,5oC). Hasil pengukuran kelembaban menunjukkan rata-rata kelembaban udara pada pagi hari telah memenuhi syarat, sedangkan pada sore hari rata-rata tidak memenuhi syarat. Hasil pengukuran pencahayaan di setiap ruangan rata-rata telah memenuhi syarat. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan jumlah pasien paling banyak terdapat di ruang non AC dan jumlah pengunjung paling banyak berada pada waktu sore hari. Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan total angka kuman udara dan karakteristik fisik yang meliputi suhu, kelembaban dan pencahayaan ruang rawat inap AC dan non AC. terdapat perbedaan angka kuman udara dan jumlah pasien. Ada perbedaan total angka kuman udara dan jumlah pengunjung ruang rawat inap AC dan non AC. ada perbedaan antara total angka kuman di ruang AC dan ruang non AC.

Background: Hospitals as one health service facility that serves as a healing and restoration of health, but can also be a source of disease distribution. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that in 55 hospitals representing 4 regions of the world (Europe, Middle East, Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific) shows about 8.7% of hospital patients experiencing nosocomial infections and more than 1.4 million people around the world suffering from complications from hospital-acquired infections. One of the causes of nosocomial infections is the high rate of airborne germs in hospitals. Based on data of incidence of nosocomial infection in 2017 obtained from the PPI of RS X Yogyakarta, the incidence of nosocomial infection disease is 1.6% Purpose: To examine the different of physical characteristic and total number of airborne bacteria of AC and non-AC inpatient wards at Yogyakarta General Hospital Method: The study was conducted by observational analytic research method with of cross sectional approach. Result: The result showed that the total number of airborne bacteria in 12 AC and non-AC inpatient wards during morning and afternoon time of examination were not fulfilling the requirement. The temperature of those 12 rooms were not met the standard (29 � 31 degrees Celsius). The result of humidity measurement showed that during morning examination the average of result had been fulfilled the standard while afternoon examination resulted had not been fulfilled the standard required. The result of light measurement each of 12 rooms had been fulfilled the standard required. The result of this study was also revealed that the high density of patients� population was at non-AC rooms and afternoon time was the most intense period of time where the increasing of number of visitor appeared. Conclusion: There was difference between total number of airborne bacteria and the physical characteristics that included temperature, humidity, lighting of both AC and non-AC rooms. There was a difference of number of airborne bacteria and patient admitted to the wards. There was a difference of total number of airborne bacteria and the visitor at both AC and non-AC rooms and there was a difference between the total number of airborne bacteria of AC and non-AC inpatient wards.

Kata Kunci : Angka Kuman Udara, Karakteristik fisik, Rumah Sakit