PENENTUAN LETAK IMPAKSI GIGI KANINUS MAKSILA DENGAN RADIOGRAF PANORAMIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANGULASI

BARRA PRIMA NOVENDRA, drg. Rahardjo,SU,Sp.BM(K);drg. Cahya Yustisia Hasan, Sp.BM(K)

2018 | Tesis-Spesialis | BEDAH MULUT DAN MAKSILOFASIAL

Impaksi gigi kaninus maksila merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan gigi yang paling sering terjadi setelah impaksi gigi molar tiga. Ketepatan dalam menentukan letak bukal atau palatal impaksi gigi kaninus maksila dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan perawatan dan mengurangi resiko terjadinya komplikasi. Metode angulasi merupakan cara penentuan letak impaksi gigi kaninus maksila dengan menghitung sudut yang dibentuk antara aksis impaksi gigi kaninus maksila dan garis referensi horizontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji penentuan letak impaksi gigi kaninus maksila dengan radiograf panoramik menggunakan metode angulasi. Metode angulasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan tonjol kondilus sebagai garis referensi horizontal. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 39 radiograf panoramik pada pasien dengan diagnosis impaksi gigi kaninus maksila, yang telah menjalani prosedur operasi, baik exposure maupun surgical extraction impaksi gigi kaninus maksila di Poli Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial RSGM UGM Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta pada tahun 2013-2017. Penilaian sampel dilakukan oleh dua penilai yang telah lolos uji cohen’s kappa, terdiri dari residen bedah mulut dan spesialis radiologi dentomaksilofasial. Hasil penilaian dibandingkan dengan hasil operasi yang tertulis pada rekam medis kemudian dilakukan analisis hasil menggunakan uji diagnostik untuk mendapatkan nilai akurasi, sensitivitas, dan spesifisitas. Hasil uji diagnostik didapatkan nilai akurasi sebesar 92,3%, sensitivitas 86,4% dan spesifisitas 100%. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa nilai angulasi lebih dari 65° memiliki ketepatan letak bukal sebesar 92,3%, sedangkan nilai angulasi kurang dari 65° memiliki ketepatan letak palatal sebesar 92,3%.

Impacted maxillary canines are the second most frequent problems after the impacted third molars. Determining the accurate position of the buccal or palatal impaction of maxillary canines will lead to the successful treatment and minimize the risks of complications. Angulation method refers to a method for determining the position of impacted maxillary canines by calculating the angle formed between the impacted maxillary canines and the horizontal reference line. This study aimed to investigate and examine the panoramic radiograph-assisted method for determining the position of the impacted maxillary canines with the angulation method particularly the one with condylar cusp as the horizontal reference line. This study included 39-based panoramic radiograph samples of the patients diagnosed with impacted maxillary canines, all of whom had undergone surgical procedures for both exposure and extraction of the impacted maxillary canines at the Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of Prof. Soedomo Oral and Dental Hospital, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta during the period of 2013 - 2017. Passing the Cohen’s Kappa test, two raters consisting of an oral and maxillofacial surgical resident and a dentomaxillofacial radiologist assessed the samples. The result was compared to that of operations as written on the medical record. Subsequently, the diagnostic test was used to analyze the results to obtain the values of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The diagnostic test resulted in 92.3%, 86.4% and 100% for the value of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity respectively. Further, this study concluded that if the angulation value was higher than 65 °, it showed 92.3% accurate buccal position whereas the one lower than 65 ° showed 92.3% in the accuracy of palatal position.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci : Impaksi gigi kaninus maksila, metode angulasi, radiograf panoramik, akurasi/Keywords: Impacted maxillary canines, angulation method, panoramic radiograph, accuracy