TESIS MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KESWADAYAAN MASYARAKAT KETERBELAKANGAN MENTAL (Studi Kasus di Desa Krebet, Desa Sidoharjo dan Desa Karangpatihan Kabupaten Ponorogo)

AGUNG BAHRUDDIN C, Dr. AG. Subarsono, M.Si., MA.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis model pemberdayaan dalam mewujudkan keswadayaan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Penelitian ini juga meneliti pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam pemberdayaan serta faktor-faktor yang memberikan dampak positif terhadap keswadayaan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental. Penelitian ini menjadi penting karena pemberdayaan merupakan upaya yang tepat dalam mewujudkan keswadayaan serta mengurangi tingkat ketergantungan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental terhadap bantuan dari pihak luar. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus di Desa Krebet, Desa Sidoharjo, dan Desa Karangpatihan Kabupaten Ponorogo. Penentuan informan menggunakan Purposive sampling dimana peneliti menentukan informan berdasarkan tujuan penelitian dan subjek yang dianggap peneliti mampu menjawab penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data, pengkalisfikasian data kemudian data diolah dan sajikan dalam bentuk narasi yang mudah untuk dipahami Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan model pemberdayaan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental di Kabupaten Ponorogo melalui bantuan modal yang bersifat konsumtif dan produktif, bantuan prasarana yang berupa fasilitas pelaksanaan pemberdayaan, pendampingan dalam setiap program pemberdayaan, penguatan kelembagaan lokal serta pembangunan kemitraan baik dengan pemerintah maupun swasta. Pelaksanaan pemberdayaan mampu mewujudkan peningkatan keswadayaan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental yang dilihat dari tingkat mobilitas serta kemampuan membeli komoditas. Peranan Pemerintah, NGO, Kelompok masyarakat/CSO, serta Swasta mampu memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental. Unsur pemberdayaan yang paling dominan mendukung dan memberikan dampak posistif terhadap peningkatan keswadayaan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental adalah partisipasi masyarakat dan kapasitas organisasi lokal. Perlu adanya kebijakan yang menetapkan program khusus pemberdayaan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental dengan melibatkan pihak swasta melalui kemitraan. Selanjutnya, model pemberdayaan yang diselenggarakan dapat diterapkan di daerah lain dengan karakteristik yang sama karena terbukti mampu mendorong masyarakat keterbelakangan mental lebih produktif dan berdampak positif terhadap keswadayaan. Terakhir, perlu adanya penelitian kuantitatif yang mampu menjelaskan secara rinci seberapa besar pengaruh model pemberdayaan terhadap tingkat pendapatan masyarakat keterbelakangan mental.

This research aims to analyze an empowerment model functioned to realize the self-reliance of mental disorder community in Ponorogo. This research also investigates those who are involved in the empowerment as well as factors providing positive impacts on the self-reliance of mental disorder community. This research is important since empowerment is considered as one of appropriate attempts to realize self-reliance and to reduce the mental disorder community level of dependence from others. This research is qualitative research applying the case study approach conducted at Krebet, Sidoharjo, and Karangpatihan Ponorogo. The researcher chose the informants by employing the purposive sampling: the researcher selected appropriate informants based on research objectives and consideration of which informants able to answer the curiosity held by the researcher. Data were gathered by conducting interviews and observations. The data analysis were conducted in four stages that were data collection, data classification, data analysis, and data presentation in the form of narration. Such data presentation was intended to make the data more understandable. The research results indicate that the empowerment model of mental disorder community in Ponorogo are in forms of consumptive and productive capital aids, infrastructure aids in forms of facilitates to support the empowerment realization, assistances in every empowerment program, local instance enforcement, and establishment of partnership with either the government or private instances. The government, NGO, community group/CSO, as well as public instances gives their contributions in the arrangement of empowerment targeted to mental disorder communities. The most dominant factors determining the success of empowerment and being able to provide positive impacts on self-reliance of mental disorder communities are participations of concerned people and capacities of local organization. Policies to stipulate special programs aiming to empower mental disorder communities by establishing partnership with private instances are certainly needed. Furthermore, the empowerment model can also be applied in other regions with the same characteristics because it has been proven that such model is able to make mental disorder communities more productive. Besides, the model brings positive impacts on their self-reliance as well. Moreover, quantitative research to explain to what extent the empowerment model influences mental disorder community level of income is also necessary to be conducted.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci : Pemberdayaan, keterbelakangan mental, keswadayaan.