BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

AULIA FAKHRINA, dr. Rina Triashi, PhD., SpA(K).; dr. Neti Nurani, MKes, SpA(K).

2018 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Klinik

Latar belakang: Stunting pada usia sekolah dapat menyebabkan rendahnya kemampuan kognitif, fungsi fisik yang tidak optimal, dan produktivitas masa depan yang rendah. Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi apakah berat badan lahir rendah merupakan faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia sekolah di provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode: Kami melakukan case-control study, melibatkan siswa sekolah dasar berusia 6-7 tahun yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling dari lima kabupaten di provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Stunting dinilai berdasarkan parameter antropometri, dan didefinisikan sebagai nilai Z score untuk tinggi badan menurut usia <-2 standar deviasi berdasarkan kriteria WHO 2005. Data klinis dan demografi diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi oleh orang tua. Sebanyak 231 anak stunting diidentifikasi dan dianggap sebagai kelompok kasus. Kelompok kontrol (462 anak-anak tidak stunting) dipilih secara acak tanpa dilakukan matching. Hasil: Stunting diidentifikasi pada 11,8% populasi penelitian. Anak-anak dengan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (<2500 g), jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia kehamilan kurang bulan, pola pemberian MPASI dini dan tinggal di daerah pedesaan lebih besar kemungkinan untuk mengalami stunting pada usia sekolah, dengan adjusted OR 3,38 (95% CI: 2,03 -5,63), 1,62 (95% CI: 1,16-2,27), 4,23 (95% CI: 2,18-8,24), 1,65 (95% CI: 1,11-2,45) dan 1,68 (95% CI: 1,01-2,62), masing-masing. Stunting pada usia sekolah tidak perhubungan dengan durasi pemberian ASI eksklusif (OR: -) dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua (OR: 1,40; 95% CI: 0,99-1,99). Kesimpulan: Anak-anak yang lahir dengan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah cenderung mengalami stunting pada masa sekolah.

Background: Stunting at school-age period may lead to low cognitive capability, improper physical function, and low productivity in the future. Objective: To identify whether low birth weght is a risk factor of stunting among school-aged children Methods: We conducted a case control study, involving elementary school students aged 6-7 years who were selected by cluster random sampling from five districts in Yogyakarta province. Stunting was assessed based on anthropometric parameters, and was defined as a z-score of height for age < -2 standard deviation based on the WHO 2005 criteria. Clinical and demographic data were obtained using a questionnaire that was completed by the parents. A total of 231 stunted children were identified and considered as a case group. The control group (462 non-stunted children) were randomly selected without matching. Result: Stunting was identified in 11,8% of the study population. Children with a history of low birth weight (< 2500 g), gender boys, premature, early complementary feeding time, living in rural areas were more likely to be stunted at school age period, with adjusted OR of 3.38 (95% CI: 2.03-5.63), 1.62 (95% CI: 1.16-2.27), 4.23 (95% CI: 2.18-8.24), 1.65 (95% CI: 1.11-2.45) and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.01-2.62), respectively. Stunting at school-age period was not associated with duration of exclusive breastfeeding (OR: -) and parents education (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.99-1.99). Conclusion: Children who were born with history of low birth weight were more likely to be stunted during school-age period.

Kata Kunci : berat badan lahir rendah, stunting, anak usia sekolah, faktor risiko, low birth weight, stunting, school-age children, risk factor