KANDUNGAN NUTRISI DAN PEMANFAATAN GETAH GUM OLEH KUKANG JAWA (Nycticebus javanicus E. GEOFFROY, 1812) DI HUTAN KEMUNING, TEMANGGUNG, JAWA TENGAH

TUNGGA DEWI HP, Dr.rer.silv. Muhammad Ali Imron, S.Hut., M.Sc.;Dr. Ganis Lukmandaru, S.Hut., M.Agr.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Kandungan Nutrisi dan Pemanfaatan Getah Gum oleh kukang jawa (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy, 1812) di Hutan Kemuning, Temanggung, Jawa Tengah Tungga Dewi Hastomo Putri1 INTISARI Gum merupakan hasil sekresi tumbuhan yang sulit didapatkan dan dicerna bagi kebanyakan spesies primata, namun menjadi makanan utama bagi primata terancam punah, kukang jawa (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy, 1812). Belum banyak penelitian mengenai ekologi konsumsi gum pada kukang jawa, dan penelitian yang ada terbatas pada tipe lahan agroforestry, maka penelitian ini mengambil fokus pada kandungan nutrisi dan pemanfaatan gum oleh kukang jawa di hutan tropis dataran rendah Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan pada Juni 2017 hingga Februari 2018, di Hutan Kemuning, Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Pemanfaatan gum diketahui melalui pengamatan perilaku harian dua ekor individu kukang jawa, dengan metode focal-instantaneous sampling, khusus perilaku konsumsi gum dicatat secara ad-libitum. Kandungan nutrisi gum diketahui melalui analisis kimia di Fakultas Kehutanan dan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada. Gum dimanfaatkan oleh kukang jawa sebagai makanan (54%). Gum yang dikonsumsi berasal dari empat jenis pohon yaitu, Sterculia urceolata, Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum, Spondias pinnata, dan Litsea velutina. Selain empat pohon tersebut, terdapat pohon gum lain yang dimanfatkan kukang jawa sebagai koneksi, namun tidak dikonsumsi gumnya, yaitu Albizia procera, A.chinensis, Leucaena leucocephala, dan Terminalia bellirica. Gum yang dikonsumsi kukang jawa memiliki rata-rata karbohidrat sebanyak 30,17%, rata-rata fenolat sebesar 3,27%, dan rata-rata flavonoid sebesar 0,67%. Kandungan nutrisi gum dari delapan pohon gum tersebut tidak berbeda, namun terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kandungan komponen sekunder, yaitu fenolat (p-value 0,009) dan flavonoid (p-value 0,001). Hubungan signifikan antara kandungan nutrisi dan komponen sekunder dengan frekuensi makan gum, ditemukan pada steroid (p-value = 0,020 ; r = 0,831) dan flavonoid ( p-value = 0,044 ; r = -0,767). Kata kunci : Lorisidae, Gumnivora, Pemanfaatan Gum, Kandungan Nutrisi, Komponen Sekunder, Hutan Tropis Dataran Rendah Jawa 1Mahasiswa Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nutritional Content and Gum Use by Javan Slow Loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy, 1812) in Kemuning Forest, Temanggung, Central Java Tungga Dewi Hastomo Putri1 ABSTRACT Although it is hard to digest by most primates, gum plays important roles in the diet of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy, 1812). However, knowledge of gum diet for this nocturnal critically endangered primate species is limited to only one tree gum producer species (Acacia decurrens) which is planted in the montane agroforest area. Little is known about the diet of Javan slow loris in the tropical low land forest. This research aims to assess the nutritional content and gum use by Javan slow loris in lowland tropical forest of Central Java. This research was carried out in Kemuning Forest, Temanggung regency of Central Java province. The fieldwork was conducted between June 2017 to February 2018 through observation of slow loris behavioral of two individuals using focal-instantaneous sampling, while the feeding behavior was recorded using ad-libitum sampling. The nutritional content of gum was analyzed in the Faculty of Forestry and Faculty of Agricultural Technology of Universitas Gadjah Mada. Javan slow loris in Kemuning forest eats gum from four different plant species, i.e., Sterculia urceolata, Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum, Spondias pinnata, and Litsea velutina. There is also four other plant gum species, i.e., Albizia procera, A. Chinensis, Leucaena leucocephala, and Terminalia bellirica which weren�t observed as a diet for the loris but used for traveling. Gums which being consumed by javan slow loris, have an average carbohydrate with the amount of 30,17%, average fenolat 3,27%, and average flavonoid 0,67%. There is no difference in nutritional content of gum from those eight different plant gums, but significant difference occurs in the secondary compound, phenolate (p< 0,01) and flavonoid (p<0,005). There is a significant correlation between levels of nutritional and secondary compounds with the gum feeding frequency. The gum consumption by the loris was positively correlated with the steroid level (p-value = 0,020; r = 0,831), whereas negative with flavonoid level (p-value = 0,044; r = -0,767). Keywords : Lorisidae, Gummivory, Gum Utilization, Nutritional Content, Secondary Compounds, Javan Tropical Lowland Forest 1Student of Forest Resource Conservation Departement, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Kata Kunci : Lorisidae, Gumnivora, Pemanfaatan Gum, Kandungan Nutrisi, Komponen Sekunder, Hutan Tropis Dataran Rendah Jawa / Lorisidae, Gummivory, Gum Utilization, Nutritional Content, Secondary Compounds, Javan Tropical Lowland Forest