PEMETAAN PERSEBARAN KASUS DIARE PADA BALITA DENGAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DI PUSKESMAS II PURWOKERTO TIMUR

DYAH NURSMARASTRI S, Marko Ferdian Salim S.K.M., M.P.H

2018 | Tugas Akhir | D3 REKAM MEDIS SV

Latar Belakang : Diare merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian balita terbesar kedua di dunia, di Indonesia tahun 2015 menempati peringkat 12 dari 15 negara untuk angka kematian balita akibat diare di seluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2015 kecamatan Purwokerto Timur menempati peringkat tertinggi angka incidence rate diare semua umur se-Kabupaten Banyumas. Di Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur terdapat peningkatan kasus diare balita dari tahun 2015 ke 2016. Kesulitan pengambilan keputusan karena belum pernah dilakukannya pemetaan persebaran penyakit diare pada balita. Tujuan : Memetakan dan menganalisis spasial persebaran kasus diare pada balita di Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur pada tahun 2017. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampelnya adalah seluruh penderita diare balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur di tahun 2017 dengan jumlah 95 balita. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara studi dokumentasi dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis spasial mamanfaatkan ArcGIS 10.1. Hasil : Kejadian diare di wilayah kerja puskesmas tertinggi di kelurahan Kranji sebanyak 36 balita. Kelompok umur 13-24 bulan paling tinggi terserang diare sebanyak 25 balita. Balita laki-laki paling banyak terserang sebanyak 59 balita. Kepadatan penduduk di seluruh kelurahan teridentifikasi padat dengan kelurahan Kranji paling tinggi kasus diare balita. Cakupan imunisasi campak 83% sudah melakukan imunisasi campak. Waktu kejadian diare paling tinggi pada Triwulan III sebanyak 37 balita. Pola persebaran kasus diare balita teridentifikasi mengelompok. Buffer jarak puskesmas dengan penderita paling banyak pada jarak 1 km sebanyak 70 balita. Buffer jarak sungai dengan penderita sebanyak 18 balita dengan jarak 3-30 meter. Kesimpulan : Kasus diare balita yang terjadi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur dapat dipetakan dan dianalisis menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Kata kunci : Diare balita, SIG, Analisis spasial, Pemetaan

Background : Diarrhea was one of the second leading causes of death children underfives in the world, Indonesia in 2015 ranked 12 out of 15 countries with diarrhea mortality children underfives due to diarrhea in worldwide. In 2015, Purwokerto Timur district was the highest incidence rate in Banyumas Regency. In Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur there is an increase cases of diarrhea children underfives from 2015 to 2016. Difficulty of decision-making occured because it has never done mapping the spread of diarrhea disease in children underfives. Objective : Mapping and analyze the spatial distribution of diarrhea cases in children underfives at Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur in 2017 Methods : This research uses descriptive quantitative method with cross sectional approach. The sample is all patients with diarrhea under five in the working area of Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur in 2017 with the number of 95 children underfives. Data collection techniques by documentation study and observation. Data analysis was performed by using univariate analysis and spatial analysis with ArcGIS 10.1. Results : Highest cases diarrhea happen in Kranji district as many as 36 children underfives. Age group of 13-24 months is the highest cases of diarrhea as many as 25 children underfives. Male children is the highest cases of diarrhea as many as 59 children under five. Population density in districts was identified densely populated with the highest cases of diarrhea underfives happen in Kranji district. Measles immunization coverage 83% have measles immunization. Highest time incidence of diarrhea occur in the third as many as 37 children underfives. The distribution pattern of diarrhea cases children underfives was identified clustering. Buffer distance of puskesmas with most of patient found at distance 1 km as much as 70 children underfives. Buffer distance of the river with the patient found 18 children underfives with distance from 3-30 meters. Conclusion : Cases of diarrhea children underfives that occurs at the district work area of Puskesmas II Purwokerto Timur can be mapped and analyzed using Geographic Information System. Keywords : Diarrhea children underfives, GIS, Spatial analyst, Mapping

Kata Kunci : Diare balita, SIG, Analisis spasial, Pemetaan