Makna Pembebasan Kemiskinan dalam Teologi Pembebasan Aloysius Pieris dan Kiri Islam Hassan Hanafi

M RODINAL KHAIR, Prof. Drs. M. Mukhtasar S., M.Hum., Ph.D Of Arts, Dr. Agus Himmawan Utomo ., M.Ag.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU FILSAFAT

Pada dasarnya, kehadiran Agama di dunia adalah sebagai sarana pembebas manusia dari segala macam ketertindasan. Kemiskinan adalah salah satu derivasi dari ketertindasan. Akar kemiskinan bisa dilacak ketika masyarakat beserta elemen pendukungnya mampu secara jelas melihat dengan kesadaran penuh akan realitas yang menimpanya. Sebagai refleksi dari keimanan seseorang, teologi memainkan peran penting sebagai sarana bagi manusia untuk melihat realitas dunianya sendiri sehingga dapat bergerak melawan jika ada praktik dehumanisasi. Peneliti menghadirkan dua orang tokoh teolog pembebasan, yaitu Hassan Hanafi dengan konsep Kiri Islamnya menggagas suatu pergerakan revolusi sebagai sarana pembebasan dari ketertindasan, lalu Aloysius Pieris yang sangat spiritualis melalui teologi pembebasan asketisnya hendak memberi suatu pandangan yang khas dimana teologi pembebasan haruslah termanifestasi secara kontekstual. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian dengan sumber kepustakaan, serta dengan menggunakan metode analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya sebuah pemahaman baru tentang makna pembebasan kemiskinan yang didasarkan pada perpaduan antara dimensi spiritual (asketis) dan dimensi revolutif yang merepresentasikan pemikiran Aloysius Pieris dan Hassan Hanafi. Pieris menyebut bahwa hasrat kekayaan yang berlebihan (mammon) sebagai penyebab utama kemiskinan, sedangkan Hassan Hanafi melihat kemiskinan disebabkan oleh krisis eksistensial yang dialami oleh manusia terutama umat Islam yang secara intelektual mengalami kemunduran. Oleh sebab itu permasalahan kemiskinan tidak hanya disikapi secara partikular saja, melainkan lebih holistik yakni menyentuh dimensi spiritual dan dimensi praktis.

Basically, the presence of every religion in the world has been as the facility for the humankinds to get rid from any kinds of oppressions. Poverty is the real example of derivation of oppression and also represention of the injustice treatment. In this vein, the root of poverty could be traced clearly when the society with the supporting elements have consciousness about their life reality. As the reflection of someone faith, theology has an important role as a mean for humankinds to see the reality of their own lives. Consequently, they can move against any threats such as the practice of dehumanization. The writer of this study presents two theology pioneers for the liberation. The first is Hassan Hanafi with his concepts on Leftis Islam who initiated revolution movement as a mean of the liberation from the oppressions. The second one is Aloysius Pieris who is very spiritualist through his ascetic liberation theology. He gives a sight which is considered unique where the liberation theology should be manifested contextually which is presented as syncretic between Buddhism and Christianity. The type of the research is literature review by applying comparative analytic as the main methode. The result of this research is new concept on the liberation of poverty. The result of this research shows that a new paradigm about poverty liberation is based on collaboration between spiritual (ascetic) and revolutive dimension that are representing the thought of Aloysius Pieris and Hassan Hanafi. Pieris revealed that the passion to be rich which so called mammon is the cause of poverty. Mammon is a desire of being rich including the high desire of pleasure. In the other hand, Hassan Hanafi views poverty is caused by existential crisis experienced by a number of people especially Moslems. An existential crisis is indicated as intellectuality slump and poor consciousness about their real life. Therefore, the problem of poverty is not only treated in particular but it is more wholistic that cover the spiritual and practical dimension.

Kata Kunci : Teologi pembebasan, asketis, kemiskinan, revolusi, spiritual / Liberation theology, ascetic, poverty, revolution, spirituality.