PENGETAHUAN, PERSEPSI, DAN PENERIMAAN VAKSIN HPV PADA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO

GITA NOVALINA, dr. Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Ph.D, Sp.A(K); Dr. dr. Ida Safitri Laksanawati, Sp.A(K)

2018 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Klinik

Latar Belakang: Program vaksinasi HPV saat ini sedang dalam tahap introduksi ke dalam program imunisasi nasional. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta ditetapkan sebagai daerah pilot project pelaksanaan pemberian imunisasi HPV kepada murid perempuan kelas 5 SD/MI dan sederajat melalui program Bulan Imunisasi Anak Sekolah. Guru mempunyai peranan penting dalam program vaksinasi berbasis sekolah. Penerimaan guru menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam meningkatkan cakupan vaksinasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengetahuan dan persepsi guru mengenai infeksi HPV, kanker serviks, dan vaksinasi HPV; penerimaan vaksinasi berupa kesediaan guru memberikan edukasi dan kesediaan guru menyarankan vaksinasi kepada orang tua murid; serta faktor yang memengaruhi penerimaan vaksinasi HPV. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dengan kuesioner dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2017 diikuti 240 dari 395 guru SD di Kabupaten Kulon Progo, yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah guru tetap kelas lima SD. 10 subjek dieksklusi karena tidak melengkapi lembar persetujuan tertulis dan data tidak lengkap. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hanya 19,1% guru yang mengetahui rencana program vaksinasi HPV di Kulon Progo. Guru memiliki pengetahuan yang buruk dalam hal vaksinasi HPV. Mayoritas guru memiliki persepsi positif terhadap infeksi HPV, kanker serviks, dan vaksinasi HPV. Tujuh puluh lima persen guru bersedia untuk memberikan edukasi kepada orang tua, sedang yang bersedia menyarankan orang tua sebesar 69,13%. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesediaan edukasi yaitu usia dan persepsi vaksinasi HPV (OR 0,949 (IK95% 0,916-0,984) dan OR 2,493 (IK95% 1,149-5,410)). Sedangkan yang memengaruhi kesediaan menyarankan vaksinasi yaitu persepsi vaksinasi HPV (OR 8,098 (IK95% 3,623-18,102), p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Persepsi positif terhadap penyakit HPV meningkatkan penerimaan vaksinasi guru. Penting dilakukan edukasi vaksinasi HPV terhadap guru sekolah dasar yang menitikberatkan pada peningkatan persepsi vaksinasi.

Background: HPV vaccination is being introduced to be included into the Indonesian national immunization program. Special Region of Yogyakarta is designated as the pilot project area of HPV immunization giving to female five grade student through school immunization month program (BIAS). Teachers plays an important role in the success of BIAS, which is their acceptance on vaccination may increase vaccination coverage. Objective: This study aims to determine knowledge and perceptions of teachers towards HPV infection, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination, their vaccine�s acceptance by willingness to educate and to recommend the student�s parents, and factors associated with HPV vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a self-report, anominus questioner was done in July 2017. 240 of 395 full timer teachers in Kulon Progo Regency was recruited using stratified random sampling. Inclusion criteria were five grade primary school teacher. Ten data were excluded because they did not complete either the questionnaire or the written informed consent form. Results and Discussion: Only 19% teachers were aware about HPV vaccination program in Kulon Progo. Teacher�s knowledge about HPV vaccination were poor while most perceptions were positive. Seventy-five percent teachers were willing to educate the parents while to recommend were 69,13%. Factors associated with willingness to educate the parents were age and perception of HPV vaccination (OR 0,949 (95% CI 0,916-0,984) and OR 2,493 (95% CI 1,149-5,410); both p<0,05) while factor associated with willingness to recommend HPV vaccination was perception of HPV vaccination (OR 8,098 (IK95% 3,623-18,102), p=0,000). Conclusions: It is important to do adequate education about HPV vaccination against primary school teachers by focusing on improving vaccination perception.

Kata Kunci : HPV, kanker serviks, vaksinasi, guru