ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI CAPABLE OF COLONIZING Falcataria moluccana ROOTS ARE IDENTIFIED BASED ON ITS LARGE SUB UNIT RIBOSOMAL DNA REGION

ANJAR CAHYANINGTYAS, Dr.Ir. Handojo Hadi Nurjanto, M.Agr.Sc.;Dr. Sapto Indrioko, S.Hut.,M.P.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Degradasi hutan dan penanaman rehabilitasi di kawasan tropis mengakibatkan perubahan komponen ekosistem. Cendawan arbuskular mikoriza (CAM) merupakan salah satu mikroorganisme yang terpengaruh oleh perubahan ini. Untuk mengetahui komunitas CAM di hutan tropis Indonesia, dilakukan identifikasi berdasarkan DNA ribosomal sub unit besar di lima hutan yaitu hutan Dipterocarp primer, hutan Dipterocarp sekunder, hutan Macaranga sekunder, hutan monokultur jati, dan hutan monokultur mahoni. Falcataria moluccana sebagai tanaman komersial yang cepat tumbuh digunakan sebagai tanaman uji dalam penelitian ini. Semai F. moluccana ditumbuhkan pada tanah hutan yang dicampur dengan pasir steril dan dipanen setelah dua bulan. DNA diekstraksi dari sampel akar, diamplifikasi dengan primer LR1 (GCATATCAATAAGCGG) dan FLR2 (GTCGTTTAAAGCCATT) dengan menggunakan mesin PCR, diperbanyak dengan cloning pada Escherichia coli dan dibaca susunan basa DNA-nya. Susunan basa DNA dicocokkan dengan database NCBI dengan menggunakan menu BLAST-search untuk membedakan susunan basa pada CAM dan non-CAM. Jenis CAM ditemukan pada semua jenis tanah hutan kecuali pada hutan monokultur mahoni. CAM yang ditemukan berjumlah sembilan jenis dan diidintifikasi sebagai Accaulospora mellea, Acaulospora sp, Paraglomus occulum, Paraglomus sp, Glomus sp, Rhizophagus sp, Glomerales 1, Glomerales 2, dan Glomeraceae. Keanekaragaman CAM yang terbesar ditemukan di hutan monokultur jati, diikuti dengan hutan sekunder Macaranga dan hutan primer Dipterocarp, sedangkan dua hutan yang lainnya tidak memiliki keanekaragaman CAM.

Forest degradation and rehabilitation planting in the tropics have resulted in ecosystem component changes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported as one of microorganism that is affected by this changing. To understand about AMF community in the tropical forest of Indonesia, an experiment was conducted to asses AMF community based on its LSU ribosomal DNA region in five forests soil namely: Dipterocarp primary forest, Dipterocarp secondary forest, Macaranga secondary forest, Teak monoculture forest, and Mahogany monoculture forest. Falcataria moluccana, a commonly planted fast growing and commercial species was used as the trap plant. F. moluccana seedlings were grown in the forest soil mixed with sterilized sand and harvested after two months. DNA was extracted from the root sample, amplified with LR1 (GCATATCAATAAGCGG) and FLR2 (GTCGTTTAAAGCCATT) primer set in the PCR machine, cloned to the Escherichia coli and sequenced. The sequence data were assigned to AMF taxa by conducting BLAST search against the NCBI database to distinguish between AMF sequence and non-AMF sequence. AMF taxa were found in all forest soils except in Mahogany monoculture forest. Nine AMF taxa were detected and identified as Accaulospora mellea, Acaulospora sp, Paraglomus occulum, Paraglomus sp, Glomus sp, Rhizophagus sp, Glomerales 1, Glomerales 2, and Glomeraceae. The most diverse AMF community was found from Teak monoculture forest followed by Macaranga secondary forest and Dipterocarp secondary forest, while the other 2 forests showed non-diverse AMF community.

Kata Kunci : arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, molecular identification, Falcataria moluccana, AMF taxa, AMF diversity;cendawan arbuscular mikoriza, identifikasi molekuler, Falcataria moluccana, taksa CAM, keragaman CAM