INFLUENCE OF ENGAGEMENT AND LEARNING ORGANIZATION CULTURE IN INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS ON INNOVATION: A STUDY OF MSMEs IN INDONESIA'S CREATIVE INDUSTRY

FITRIA NOVIATI, T. Hani Handoko, Dr., M.B.A.

2018 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen

Inovasi merupakan faktor penting bagi kelangsungan suatu usaha, terlebih lagi dalam industri kreatif. Banyak penelitian mengaitkan keterlibatan/keterikatan (engagement) karyawan dengan daya inovasi suatu perusahaan/organisasi, sementara penelitian-penelitian lain berfokus pada learning organization culture sebagai indikator inovasi. Meski sudah banyak penelitian yang membuktikan pengaruh engagement dan learning organization culture terhadap inovasi perusahaan, namun masih dibutuhkan banyak studi dengan cakupan yang lebih luas, seperti di tingkat industry, terutama dalam konteks usaha mikro, kecil, menengah (UMKM) di negara-negara berkembang. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai inovasi dan kaitannya dengan engagement serta learning organization culture pada asosiasi-asosiasi industri, terutama dalam konteks UMKM di negara-negara berkembang. Dua variabel moderasi, yaitu usia dan ukuran perusahaan juga menjadi variabel yang diamati dalam studi ini. Penelitian ini melibatkan sample sejumlah 80 perusahaan anggota asosiasi dari tiga asosiasi industri yang tergolong dalam industri kreatif di Indonesia. Mayoritas responden merupakan pemilik-pemilik usaha, sementara sisanya adalah manajer maupun karyawan dalam perusahaannya masing-masing. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Group Engagement Measure (GEM), Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) dan Kuesioner Inovasi berdasarkan Oslo Manual. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara tingkat keterlibatan perusahaan dalam asosiasi industri tempat dia bergabung dengan tingkat inovasi perusahaannya. Korelasi positif juga ditemukan antara learning organization culture pada asosiasi industri dengan tingkat inovasi para perusahaan yang menjadi anggotanya. Namun demikian, tidak ditemukan efek moderasi yang signifikan dari usia dan ukuran perusahaan.

Innovation is vital for business survival, and the more so in a creative industry. Various studies have attributed employee engagement to company/organization innovativeness, while others have focused on learning organization culture as a success indicator for innovation. While numerous researches have attested to the effect of employee engagement and learning organization culture to company innovation, more study is required at a larger scope such as the industry level, specifically in the context of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries. The main purpose of the research is to obtain a better understanding of innovation and its relation to engagement and learning organization in industry associations, in the context of MSMEs in developing countries. Two moderating variables of age and size of firm were also observed. The research was conducted using a sample of 80 member firms from three industry associations in three sub-sectors of Indonesia's creative industry. Respondents were largely business owners, with a small percentage of managers and key staff members. Data was collected using Group Engagement Measure (GEM), Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) and Innovation Questionnaire derived from The Oslo Manual. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between engagement level of member firms in their respective industry associations and their firm's innovation. Likewise, a significant positive correlation was also found between the industry association learning organization culture and the member firms' innovation. However, the analysis revealed no significant moderating effects of age and size of firm.

Kata Kunci : innovation, engagement, learning organization culture, MSMEs, firm age, firm size