PENENTUAN STATUS RESISTENSI TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA MALATION DAN SEROTIPE VIRUS DENGUE PADA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DI KOTA BENGKULU

DESSY TRIANA, Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, S. U.; Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, M.S., Apt.

2018 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar Belakang. Dengue adalah penyakit tular vektor yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2016, Kota Bengkulu merupakan 1 dari 3 kota yang mengalami KLB DBD di Indonesia. Tidak adanya obat dan vaksin yang efektif, pengendalian vektor merupakan tindakan yang paling efektif untuk mencegah penularan dan KLB. Insektisida malation telah digunakan sejak tahun 1990-an secara massal di Kota Bengkulu dalam program pengendalian wektor dengue Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus serta belum memiliki laporan evaluasi mengenai kerentanan Ae. aegypti terhadap malation. Pemakaian insektisida secara terus menerus dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan timbulnya resistensi. Disamping itu, deteksi virus dengue pada populasi nyamuk Ae. aegypti di suatu daerah penting dilakukan untuk memprediksi keberadaan virus dengue di daerah tersebut. Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida malation dan menentukan serotipe virus dengue pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemis dan sporadis DBD di Kota Bengkulu Metode Penelitian. Koleksi telur nyamuk Ae. aegypti dilakukan dengan menggunakan ovitrap dari daerah endemis (Kelurahan Sidomulyo) dan daerah sporadis (Kelurahan Tanjung Jaya) di Kota Bengkulu. Telur Ae. aegypti dikolonisasi dan nyamuk dewasa dilakukan uji resistensi terhadap insektisida malation dengan metode CDC Bottle Bioassay. Deteksi serotipe virus dengue dilakukan dengan metode RT-PCR dan Nested PCR menggunakan primer spesifik Lanciotti. Hasil Penelitian. Status resistensi Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida malation pada daerah endemis dan daerah sporadis adalah resisten sedang/perlu konfirmasi. Pada daerah endemis angka kematian sebesar 92,66%, nilai LT (20,346 menit, 30,735 menit, 43,062 menit), nilai ERR 50,90,99 50,90,99 <5 (rentan). Pada daerah sporadis angka kematian sebesar 95,16%, nilai LT (21,196 menit, 29,050 menit, 37,545 menit), nilai ERR 50,90,99 50,90,99 <5 (rentan). Serotipe virus dengue yang ditemukan pada daerah endemis dan daerah sporadis DBD adalah DENV-3. Kesimpulan. Aedes aegypti di daerah endemis dan daerah sporadis DBD di Kota Bengkulu masih rentan terhadap insektisida malation dan berpotensi sebagai vektor dengue-3.

Background. Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne disease and is a public health problem in Indonesia. In 2016, Bengkulu City is 1 of 3 cities which had dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) suffered from outbreak in Indonesia. As there is no effective medicine and vaccine available, vector control remains the most effective measure to prevent its transmission and outbreak. Malathion has been used in Bengkulu City since 1900's for controlling the dengue vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. There was no evaluation reports on the resistance status of Ae. aegypti to malathion. Long-term use of insecticides has led development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Beside that, dengue virus detection in Ae. aegypti population is important to predict dengue virus in some areas. Objectives. This study aimed to determine the resistance status of Ae. aegypti to malathion insecticide using bioassay and to detect serotypes of dengue virus in Ae. aegypti from endemic and sporadic areas in Bengkulu City. Methods. Aedes aegypti eggs were collected by ovitraps from endemic area (Sidomulyo Village) and sporadic area (Tanjung Jaya Village) in Bengkulu City. The eggs were reared to adult and bioassay was done by CDC Bottle Bioassay method. Detection of dengue virus serotypes were done by RT-PCR and Nested PCR methods using specific primers Lanciotti. Results. The status of resistance to malathion insecticide in endemic and sporadic areas were moderate resistant/verification required. In endemic area, the mortality rate was 92,66%, the values of LT were (20,346 minutes, 30,735 minutes, 43,062 minutes), the values of ERR 50,90,99 were <5 (susceptible). In sporadic area, the mortality rate was 95,16%, the values of LT 50,90,99 were (21,196 minutes, 29,050 minutes, 37,545 minutes), the values of ERR 50,90,99 50,90,99 were <5 (susceptible). The serotypes of dengue virus in endemic and sporadic areas were dengue 3 (DENV-3). Conclusions. Aedes aegypti in endemic and sporadic areas in Bengkulu City has been susceptible to malathion insecticide and potential as a dengue-3 vector.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, resistensi malation, bottle bioassay