POLITISASI DALAM REKRUTMEN BADAN PENYELENGGARA PEMILU AD HOC (Kajian Pola Rekrutmen PPK, PPS & KPPS di Tanjung Jabung Timur-Jambi Pada Pilkada 2015)

MARDIANA, Dr. Amalinda Savirani, M.A.

2018 | Tesis | S2 Politik dan Pemerintahan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi terjadinya politisasi dalam proses rekrutmen PPK, PPS, dan KPPS pada Pilkada 2015 di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, Provinsi Jambi. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana cara kerja politisasi dalam proses rekrutmen PPK, PPS, dan KPPS di Tanjung Jabung Timur? (2) Apakah dampak politisasi badan penyelenggara pemilu terhadap profesionalitas PPK, PPS, dan KPPS terpilih? Metode yang dipilih untuk melakukan kajian penelitian di atas adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Jenis penelitian ini berusaha untuk menggali data dan fakta yang dideskripsikan dari hasil pengumpulan dokumen kearsipan, observasi, maupun hasil wawancara narasumber. Indikator yang dipergunakan yaitu karateristik politisasi, fenomena politisasi, proses rekrutmen, level politisasi, dan implikasi politisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses rekrutmen PPK, PPS dan KPPS pada Pilkada 2015 di Tanjung Jabung Timur terbukti diwarnai politisasi. Secara lebih rinci, temuan penelitian terbagi atas: 1. Ada dua tahap politisasi yang bekerja dalam proses rekrutmen badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc di Tanjung Jabung Timur, yaitu politisasi birokrasi di tingkat kecamatan dan desa/kelurahan yang dilanjutkan dengan politisasi badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc. 2. Cara kerja politisasi birokrasi di tingkat kecamatan dan desa/kelurahan melalui dua cara yaitu jalur PNS dan jalur Pilkades. Sementara cara kerja politisasi badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc melalui beberapa cara yaitu jalur camat, kades/lurah, kadus, ketua RW, ketua RT, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh pemuda, dan PPS hasil politisasi kades/lurah. 3. Politisasi badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc yang dilakukan kades/lurah mengandung kadar politisasi paling tinggi, karena jangkauan pelaku melingkupi seleksi PPS dan KPPS. 4. Pola dampak politisasi badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc, yaitu semakin rendah level hierarkinya maka semakin tinggi level politisasinya. Rekrutmen KPPS dinilai mengandung level politisasi paling tinggi. Hal ini dikarenakan: (1) Proses rekrutmennya semakin ke bawah semakin longgar dan tidak spesifik aturannya; dan (2) Semakin ke bawah semakin kurang keterlibatan KPU Kabupaten/kota. 5. Politisasi badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc apabila dikaitkan dengan siklus tahapan pemilu dan tugas pokok PPK, PPS, dan KPPS maka tidak langsung berimplikasi pada hasil dan rekapitulasi penghitungan suara serta sosialisasi penyelenggaraan pilkada. Tetapi langsung berimplikasi pada penyusunan DPT, pemilihan KPPS, kinerja PPDP, dan laporan pelanggaran pilkada. Berdasarkan temuan di lapangan, rekomendasi ditujukan pada KPU RI diantaranya: (1) Perlu aturan yang detail mengenai proses rekrutmen badan penyelengara pemilu ad hoc; dan (2) Intervensi teknologi dalam rekrutmen badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc. Sementara rekomendasi yang ditujukan pada KPU Kabupaten/kota diantaranya: (1) Peningkatan sosialisasi berkaitan dengan rekrutmen badan penyelenggara pemilu ad hoc; dan (2) Pelatihan pra-rekrutmen badan penyenggara pemilu ad hoc melibatkan organisasi kemasyarakatan.

This research aims to identify the practice of politicization in the recruitment of ad hoc election committee, using setting of East Tanjung Jabung Regency local election in 2015 in the Province of Jambi. The research questions asked are (1) How does politicization take place in the recruitment process of PPK, PPS, and KPPS in East Tanjung Jabung? (2) How does it affect the professionalism of PPK, PPS and KPPS selected? The research method employed is qualitative using descriptive approach. This type of research seeks to obtain data and facts collected from archives/ documents, observations, and interviews of informants. The indicators used to conclude the practice of politicization in the recruitment process of PPK, PPS, and KPPS are by identifying the characteristics of politicization, the phenomenon of politicization, the process of recruitment, the level of politicization, and the impact of politicization. The findings show that the recruitment of PPK, PPS and KPPS in East Tanjung Jabung local election is proven to be tainted with politicization. It starts with the politicization of the local bureaucracy, continued by the politicization of electoral management body (EMB) recruited by the regional bureaucracy. In a much more detailed description, the findings are as follows: 1. The politicization in the recruitment of ad hoc election committee (PPK, PPS, KPPS) works in two stages. Firstly, the bureaucratic politicization takes place in the sub-district and village levels. Secondly, the EMB politicization continues in the recruitment of ad hoc election committee. 2. The politicization of bureaucracy at sub-district and village level operates in two ways, namely civil servant/local bureaucrat (PNS) line and village head election (Pilkades) line. In the meanwhile, the politicization of the ad hoc election workers operates through several lines, namely the sub-district heads, village heads, nieghborhood heads (RT/ RW), community leader/figures, youth figures, and PPS resulted by the politicization of village heads line. 3. The politicization of the ad hoc election committee conducted by village heads contains the highest degree of politicization, because their power covers the selection of PPS and KPPS. 4. The pattern of the politicization of ad hoc election committee showed that the lower the level of hierarchy, the higher the degree of politicization is. KPPS recruitment is considered to be the most highly politicized. It is due to (1) The regulation on the recruitment at the lower level is less rigorous and detailed. (2) KPU Kabupaten/Kota is less involved in the recruitment at the lower level. 5. In relation to the election cycle and the main task and responsibilities of PPK, PPS and KPPS, the politicization of the recruitment of the ad hoc election committee does not directly affect on the results and process of vote counting and socialization of election. Nevertheless, it directly impacts on the making of electoral register/voter list (DPT), recruitment of KPPS, performance of the electoral register workers (PPDP), and the rate of violation report. Based on these findings, several recommendations for KPU RI are: (1) the regulation on the recruitment of the ad hoc election committee needs to be more rigorously detailed. (2) the process of recruitment of ad hoc election committee requires the employment IT (technology). In the meanwhile, some recommendations for KPU Kabupaten/Kota include: (1) Increased socialization in the recruitment of ad hoc election committee; and (2) The employment of pre-recruitment training of the ad hoc election committee involving non-government organization.

Kata Kunci : rekrutmen, politisasi, penyelenggara pemilu, recruitment, politicization, electoral management body