STUDI PEMBUATAN LEVULINIC ACID DARI AMPAS TEBU

HENI ANGGOROWATI, Prof. Arief Budiman, M.S., D.Eng.

2018 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia

Levulinic acid merupakan senyawa kimia yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai zat adiktif bahan bakar, polimer dan resin, serta prekursor berbagai macam senyawa kimia seperti prekursor obat-obatan, pelumas, adsorben, tinta, baterai, dan inhibitor korosi. Levulinic acid dapat diproduksi melalui proses hidrolisis biomassa lignoselulosa seperti ampas tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan penggunaan asam khlorida sebagai katalis terhadap yield levulinic acid. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara batch dengan menggunakan reaktor berupa tube yang diletakkan di dalam oil bath yang dilengkapi dengan termometer. Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 160 sampai 180 derajat celcius , konsentrasi katalis 0,25 sampai 1 Molar dengan perbandingan padatan cairan 1:10, serta waktu reaksi 0 sampai 60 menit. Filtrat hasil reaksi kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan GC (gas chromatography). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yield levulinic acid optimum yang didapatkan sebesar 24,4% pada kondisi suhu 180 derajat celcius, konsentrasi HCl 1 M dan waktu reaksi 30 menit. Kinetika reaksi yang dipelajari dapat didekati dengan model pseudo homogeneous irreversible first order dan diperoleh nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi dalam persamaan Arrhenius dengan k1 = 3,8063 mol/menit, k2 = 0,0503 mol/menit, k3 = 3,8276 mol/menit, k4 = 0,0005 mol/menit, k5 = 0,0004 mol/menit. Faktor tumbukan Ar1 = 4,15e+4, Ar2 = 7,9e+8, Ar3 = 9,81e+4, Ar4 = 2,05e+5, Ar5 = 6,13e+4 serta energi aktivsi E1 = 35,014 kJ/mol, E2 = 88,419 kJ/mol, E3 = 37,983 kJ/mol, E4 = 74,764 kJ/mol, E5 = 70,617 kJ/mol.

Levulinic acid is a chemical compound that can be used as fuel additive substance, polymer, and resin. And also as a precursor various chemical compound such as medicines, lubricant, adsorben, ink, battery, and corrosion inhibitor. Levulinic acid can be produced by hydrolysis of lignoselulose biomass such as bagasse. This experiment objective is to study the effect of temperature and hydrochloride acid as a catalyst toward levulinic acid yield. This experiment was performed in a batch using a tube reactor put into oil bath equipped with a thermometer. The reaction was performed at temperature 160 until 180 celsius degree, catalyst concentration 0.25 until 1 Molar with ratio of solid:liquid is 1:10, and reaction time 0 until 60 minutes. The filtrate of the reaction then analyzed by using GC (Gas Chromatography). The result show that the optimum of the levulinic acid yield as much as 24,4% was obtained at the reaction temperature 180 celsius degree, HCl concentration 1 M, and reaction time 30 minutes. The reaction kinetics can be approximated by pseudo homogenous irreversible first order model and resulted the value of constant reaction rate in the Arrhenius equation with k1 = 3,8063 mol/min, k2 = 0,0503 mol/min, k3 = 3,8276 mol/min, k4 = 0,0005 mol/min, k5 = 0,0004 mol/min. The collision factor as much as Ar1 = 4,15e+4, Ar2 = 7,9e+8, Ar3 = 9,81e+4, Ar4 = 2,05e+5, Ar5 = 6,13e+4 and the activation energy E1 = 35,014 kJ/mol, E2 = 88,419 kJ/mol, E3 = 37,983 kJ/mol, E4 = 74,764 kJ/mol, E5 = 70,617 kJ/mol.

Kata Kunci : Levulinic acid,ampas tebu,asam khlorida,hidrolisis,kinetika