ANALISIS YURIDIS PENAFSIRAN PERJANJIAN OLEH KPPU DALAM PEMENUHAN UNSUR PERJANJIAN PENETAPAN HARGA DAN PENGATURAN KUOTA PRODUKSI DALAM PEMBUKTIAN KARTEL (Studi Kasus Putusan KPPU No.08/KPPU-I/2014)

RIZKA MAULIDA, Dr.Anna Maria Tri Anggraini.,SH.,M.H.

2018 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis secara akademisi bagaimana pertimbangan KPPU dalam menilai pemenuhan unsur perjanjian penetapan harga dan perjanjian pengaturan kuota produksi pada Putusan KPPU No.08/KPPU-I/2014 serta penggunaan concerted action dalam pembuktian kartel. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat normatif, penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan penelitian kepustakaan guna memperoleh data sekunder, dan untuk melengkapi data sekunder peneliti juga melakukan wawancara terhadap beberapa narasumber. Narasumber dalam penelitian ini di antara Investigator senior KPPU dan Investigator Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC). Hasil penelitian ini pertama, KPPU menyatakan secara sah para terlapor terbukti melakukan perjanjian kartel berupa penetapan harga dan pengaturan kuota produksi dengan pertimbangan bahwa adanya concerted action yang dilakukan oleh para terlapor dengan di dukungnya bukti tidak langsung/indirect evidence berupa bukti komunikasi dan bukti ekonomi. Putusan KPPU 08/KPPU-I/2014 juga di perkuat oleh Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat dan diperkuat lagi oleh Mahkamah Agung No.221K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2016. Kedua, pada KUHPerdata terdapat asas kebebasan berkontrak sehingga kesepakatan dapat berupa kesepakatan secara tegas dan secara diam-diam, sedangkan dalam UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 sebagai lex specialis lex generalis KUHPerdata juga belum mengatur secara eksplisit concerted action. Blakc's law menjelaskan bahwa concerted action is an action that has been planned, arranged, and agreed on by parties acting together to further some scheme or cause, so that all involved are liable for the action of one another.Oleh karenanya peneliti membandingkan dengan JFTC yang sudah menggunakan concerted action dalam pembuktian kartel dengan istilah liaison of intention yang diatur pada Anti Monopoly Act (AMA). Selain itu OECD juga dalam jurnal "prosecuting cartel without direct evidence" bahwa sangat sulit menemukan bukti perjanjian langsung adanya kartel, oleh karenanya dibutuhkan circumtancial evidence yakni bukti komunikasi dan bukti ekonomi.

The aims of this search is to understand and analysis consideration of KPPU's Decision academically and knowing how to fulfill unsure of agreement price fixing and arranging the porduction to proof a cartel and using of concerted action in cartel. The type of research in this study is normative juridical. This research was done by library research to obtain the secondary data. The writer also interview some informans to complete the secondary data. The informans in this research came from Investigator KPPU and Investigator Japan Fair Trade Competition (JFTC). The result of this search are, first KPPU had declared decision number 08/KPPU-1/2014 all reported did a cartel agreement such a price fixing cartel and output restriction, KPPU considered theory of concerted action by all reported parties and supported with indirect evidence like communication evidence and economic evidence. KPPU's decision also had reinforced by district court and reinforced again in constitutional court number 221K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2016. Second, private law had regulated of freedom of agreement principle that are expresses agreement and tacit agreement, whereas in act number 5 year 1999 as lex specialis lex generalis from private law also had been never regulated explicit of concerted action. Based on black's law concerted action is an action that has been planned, arranged, and agreed on by parties acting together to further some scheme or cause, so that all involved are liable for the action of one another. So therefore, writer also compare with JFTC where is JFTC had regulated legally concerted action but they all call concerted action is liaison of intention in Anti Monopoly Act (AMA). Furthermore OECD also recognize of concerted action in journal prosecuting cartel without direct agreement. cartel is difficult to find direct evidence, so position circumtancial evidence is needed for making it clear.

Kata Kunci : agreement, concerted action, cartel, indirect evidence.