SRIKANDI PEREMPUAN PARLEMEN: MAKNA PENGALAMAN MENJADI POLITISI PEREMPUAN DI PARLEMEN INDONESIA

HAPSARI SULISTYANING, Drs. Fathul Himam, M.Psi., M.A., Ph.D., Psikolog

2018 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi Profesi

Politisi Perempuan di Parlemen Indonesia digambarkan sebagai 'Srikandi' yang berkontribusi secara sosial dan mengoptimalisasikan peran politiknya di tengah kondisi politik Indonesia yang dipengaruhi kultur patriarki. Politisi perempuan menemukan makna penting dari pengalamannya menjadi Anggota Parlemen Tingkat Nasional di Indonesia. Makna merupakan keinginan yang menarik manusia berdasarkan nilai-nilai penting dalam suatu pengalaman hidup dengan melakukan usaha tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Fenomenologi yang berfokus untuk menemukan esensi dari makna pengalaman. Teknik Pengumpulan Data yang digunakan adalah wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi langsung tak-terstruktur, dan dokumen. Penelitian melibatkan enam (6) orang responden yang berasal dari Partai Politik seperti PDIP, Golkar, dan Gerindra, merupakan anggota aktif di DPR RI, dan dipilih menggunakan teknik Purposeful Sampling hingga mencapai saturasi data. Data dianalisis dengan Analisis Tematik melalui beberapa tahap, yakni: horizonalizing, reduction dan elimination, clustering and thematizing, dan Textural-Structural Description. Kredibilitas hasil penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan Multi-sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna pengalaman menjadi Politisi Perempuan di Parlemen Indonesia adalah: (1) meningkatkan kualitas hidup perempuan dan kelompok marjinal lainnya; (2) mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai, potensi diri, dan minat partisipasi politik; serta (3) mencapai kualitas hidup bagi diri mereka dan memberikan kebahagiaan bagi keluarga. Beberapa temuan menunjukkan bahwa Politisi Perempuan masih berusaha untuk memperoleh kekuasaan lebih tinggi agar dapat berkontribusi lebih banyak untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup perempuan dan kelompok marjinal lainnya, serta masih berusaha untuk menyeimbangkan peran politik dan peran privatnya. Saran Intervensi diajukan berdasarkan temuan penelitian.

Women Politicians in the Parliament of Indonesia are described as 'Srikandi' who contribute socially and optimize their political roles amidst Indonesia's political conditions influenced by patriarchal culture. Women politicians find important meanings from their experiences becoming Members of National Parliament in Indonesia. Meaning is a desire that pulls human based on the important values in their life experiences by doing certain actions. This research used Qualitative Research Method with Phenomenology approach which focused to find the essences of the meanings of experiences. Data collection techniques used were semi-structured interviews, unstructured-direct observation, and documents. The study involved six (6) respondents from political parties such as PDIP, Golkar and Gerindra parties, were active members in the House of Representatives of Indonesia, and were selected using Purposeful Sampling technique to achieve data saturation. Data was analyzed by thematic analysis through several processes: horizonalizing, reduction and elimination, clustering and thematizing, and Textural-Structural Description. The credibility of the research results was tested using Multi-resources. The results of the study showed that the meanings of experiences being Women Politicians in the Parliament of Indonesia were: (1) improving the quality of life of women and other marginalized groups; (2) actualizing the personal values, potentials, and interests for political participations; and (3) achieving the quality of life for themselves and giving happiness to their family. Some findings indicated that Women Politicians are currently struggling to gain more power in order to contribute more to improve the quality of life of women and other marginalized groups, and currently struggling to balance their political roles and private roles. Suggestion for intervention was proposed based on the research findings.

Kata Kunci : Makna Pengalaman, Politisi Perempuan, Parlemen Indonesia, Srikandi, Fenomenologi