KAJIAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN SUNGAI GANDONG AKIBAT LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PENYAMAKAN KULIT DI KECAMATAN MAGETAN, KABUPATEN MAGETAN

ADE DARIAN PERDANA, Dr. Langgeng Wahyu Santosa, M.Si.; Dr. Agus Joko Pitoyo, S.Si., M.A.

2018 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Penelitian ini dilakukan di sekitar kompleks industri penyamakan kulit Magetan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh aktivitas industri penyamakan kulit terhadap penurunan kualitas perairan Sungai Gandong; untuk menganalisis tingkat pencemaran lingkungan Sungai Gandong akibat limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit; dan untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan Sungai Gandong untuk mengatasi pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Pengambilan sampel abiotik menggunakan teknik purposive, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Pengambilan sampel biotik menggunakan teknik purposive, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel kultural menggunakan teknik purposive dengan bantuan kuesioner kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pengukuran persepsi masyarakat mengunakan skala Likert, sedangkan pengetahuan masyarakat dan stakeholder terkait menggunakan metode indepth interview. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kualitas sungai; tutupan vegetasi sempadan sungai pada beberapa lokasi telah mengalami alih fungsi dan keberadaan ikan saat ini sudah jauh berkurang dibandingkan sebelum sungai mengalami pencemaran; persepsi dan pengetahuan masyarakat serta stakeholder terkait bahwa Sungai Gandong selama ini sudah mengalami pencemaran dan industri penyamakan kulit merupakan sumber pencemar Sungai Gandong. Badan Sungai Gandong pada lokasi penelitian mayoritas tergolong dalam kategori status mutu air cemar ringan - cemar sedang. Sementara itu, limbah cair dari kedua outlet Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang diteliti tergolong dalam kategori cemar sedang. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan perairan Sungai Gandong dapat dilakukan melalui perencanaan yang lebih matang dan pemulihan kualitas lingkungan perairan sungai dengan menggunakan metode maupun teknologi baru khususnya untuk pengolahan limbah cair, adanya pengawasan yang lebih ketat dari pemerintah, pelibatan kerjasama dengan LSM lingkungan hidup lokal, dan peran aktif dari masyarakat sekitar dalam pengawasan lingkungan hidup.

This research was conducted in around the leather tanning industry area in Magetan. The research was purposely conducted to examine the effect of the leather tanning industry activity to the degradation of Gandong River water quality; to analyze the environmental pollution level of Gandong River due to the wastewater of the leather tanning industry; and to formulate the environmental management strategy of Gandong River to overcome the environmental pollution due to the wastewater of the leather tanning industry. The research method which was used is survey method. The abiotic samples were done with purposive sampling, then they were analyzed using Pollution Index (PI) method. The biotic samples were done with purposive sampling, then they were analyzed descriptively. The cultural samples were done by purposive sampling with the help of questionnaire and then they were analyzed descriptively. Likert scale was used to help analyzing the perception of people, while indepth interview method was used to help analyzed the knowledge of people and the related stakeholders. The data analysis shows that the leather tanning industry wastewater has an effect on the decrease of river quality; the river border vegetation cover at some locations has experienced a conversion function and the existence of fish has decreased so much compared by its existence when the river has not experienced pollution. The perception and knowledge of people and the related stakeholders show that Gandong River has been experiencing pollution and that the leather tanning industry is the source of Gandong River pollution. Gandong River water at this research area as the majority is classified into the quality status category of low polluted water - medium polluted water. Meanwhile, the wastewater at both of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) outlets which were studied were classified as medium polluted wastewater. Gandong River water management strategy can be done through a more well-done planning and a restoration of river water environmental quality by using new methods and technologies especially for the wastewater process, a tighter supervision from the government, an involvement of cooperation with local environmental NGOs, and an active role from local people to monitor the environmental management.

Kata Kunci : kualitas air, industri penyamakan kulit, indeks pencemaran, pengelolaan lingkungan perairan/ water quality, leather tanning industry, pollution index, water environmental management