PENENTUAN RESISTENSI NYAMUK Aedes aegypti, L (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA MALATION DAN SIPERMETRIN DI KAWASAN POGUNG DAN SENDOWO, KABUPATEN SLEMAN DENGAN METODE CDC BOTTLE BIOASSAY

PAULIN SURYA PHILLABERTHA, Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, Apt., M.S. ; Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, SU. ; dr. Tridjoko Hadianto, DTM&H., M.Kes.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menduduki 5 provinsi dengan angka kesakitan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) tertinggi pada tahun 2015. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi beban penyakit yaitu mengidentifikasi dan memantau resistensi vektor terhadap insektisida. Malation dan sipermetrin merupakan insektisida yang sering digunakan di masyarakat. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan status resistensi nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang berasal dari Kawasan Pogung dan Sendowo, Kabupaten Sleman, terhadap insektisida malation dan sipermetrin dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah quasi eksperimental dengan post-test only design dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang digunakan merupakan nyamuk yang berasal dari RT 04 Pogung Kidul keturunan F-01, SD Negeri Percobaan 2 keturunan F-02, dan kontrol nyamuk rentan keturunan F-1057. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memasukkan nyamuk Ae. aegypti ke dalam 1 botol kontrol yang berisi aseton dan 4 botol uji yang telah diberikan insektisida malation dan sipermetrin dengan dosis diagnostik masing-masing sebesar 50mikro­gram/ml dan 10mikrogram/ml dan waktu diagnostik sebesar 30 menit. Data yang diperoleh berupa jumlah nyamuk yang mati dan masih hidup setelah dilakukan uji bioassay. Hasil: Kelompok nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang berasal dari Kawasan Pogung, Sendowo, dan uji pertama kontrol nyamuk rentan terhadap malation yang sudah disimpan selama 5 tahun memiliki persentase mortalitas sebesar 4,21%, 1,00%, dan 21%. Oleh sebab persentase mortalitas pada uji pertama kontrol nyamuk rentan kurang dari 80%, pengujian kontrol nyamuk rentan diulang pada uji kedua dengan menggunakan malation yang sudah disimpan selama 3 tahun. Persentase mortalitas nyamuk pada uji kedua sebesar 98%. Hasil uji status resistensi nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang berasal dari Kawasan Pogung, Sendowo, dan nyamuk kontrol rentan terhadap sipermetrin yaitu sebesar 95,00%, 94,00%, dan 100%. Simpulan: Status Resistensi Nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang berasal dari Kawasan Pogung dan Sendowo resisten terhadap malation tidak dapat dianalisis karena kesalahan teknis yaitu, menggunakan malation yang sudah disimpan selama 5 tahun. Status Resistensi Nyamuk Ae. aegypti tersebut terhadap sipermetrin yaitu toleran namun sudah mengarah adanya resistensi.

Background: In 2015, The Special Province of Yogyakarta was one of the five provinces with the highest morbidity rate. WHO recommends identifying and monitoring vectors' resistance to insecticides to reduce the burden of disease. Malathion and cypermethrin are the most common insecticides used in the community. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the resistance status of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Pogung and Sendowo Regions, Sleman District, against malathion and cypermethrin by CDC bottle bioassay method. Method: This research was a quasi experimental research with post-test only design analyzed descriptively. The mosquites used in this research were Aedes aegypti originating from RT 04 Pogung Kidul F-01, SD Negeri Percobaan 2 F-02, and group of control mosquitoes susceptible to insecticides F-1057. Research was done by inserting Ae. aegypti into a control bottle containing acetone and 4 test bottles into which some malathion and cypermethrin insecticides had been administered at diagnostic doses of 50 microgram/ml and 10 microgram/ml respectively within diagnostic time of 30 minutes. The data obtained were the number of dead and surviving mosquitoes after the bioassay test. Result: Group of Ae. aegypti originating from Pogung, Sendowo, and the first test of group of control mosquitoes susceptible to insecticides were tested against malathion that had been stored for 5 years. The mortality percentage were 4,21%, 1,00%, and 21% respectively. As the mortality percentage of first test of group of control mosquitoes susceptible to insecticides were less than 80%, the test for group of control mosquitoes susceptible to insecticides was conducted again in the second test by using malathion that had been stored for 3 years. The mortality percentage of the second test was 98%. Group of Ae. aegypti originating from Pogung, Sendowo, and group of control mosquitoes susceptible to insecticide were tested against cypermethrine and the mortality percentage were 95%, 94.00%, and 100% respectively. Conclusion: The resistance status of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes originating from the Pogung and Sendowo Regions against malathion could not be analyzed due to technical error by using the 5 years old malathion. The resistance status of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes against cypermethrin was tolerant with indications of leading to resistance.

Kata Kunci : status resistensi, Aedes aegypti, malation, sipermetrin, Kawasan Pogung dan Sendowo / resistance status, Aedes aegypti, malathion, sipermethrin, Pogung and Sendowo Regions