PENGGUNAAN ASAS PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG

MARTUA SILITONGA, Prof. Dr. Marcus Priyo Gunarto, S.H., M.Hum; Prof. Dr. Nurhasan Ismail, S.H., M.Si

2018 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hukum

Disertasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar pertimbangan filosofis dan sosiologis penggunaan asas pembuktian terbalik dalam tindak pidana pencucian uang (money laundering), mengetahui implementasi praktik peradilan dalam tindak pidana pencucian uang (money laundering), serta mereformulasikan kebijakan hukum pidana terhadap penggunaan asas pembuktian terbalik dalam upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana pencucian uang pada masa yang akan datang. Disertasi ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang menitikberatkan pada data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder maupun bahan hukum tersier. Cara memperoleh data dilakukan melalui penelitian kepustakaan, sedangkan alat memperoleh data digunakan studi dokumen. Metode pendekatan masalah yang digunakan dalam disertasi meliputi pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan kasus, pendekatan historis, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan komparatif. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif, sedangkan penarikan kesimpulan dilakukan secara deduktif. Kesimpulan disertasi ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran dalam kewajiban pembuktian dari Jaksa Penuntut Umum berdasarkan asas "actory incumbit onus probandi" kepada Terdakwa. Penggunaan asas pembuktian terbalik secara sosiologis dilatarbelakangi pendapat Roscue Pound "Law is a tool of social engineering" sebagai faktor penyeimbang dalam menjaga keseimbangan kepentingan antara terdakwa, kepolisian, kejaksaan dan hakim, sehingga diberlakukan "asas kesetimbangan yuridis", berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Penggunaan Asas Pembuktian Terbalik harus menitikberatkan kepada tujuan hukum dan prinsip ekonomi dalam upaya mencapai keseimbangan, efisiensi, dan maksimalisasi sehingga diperlukan peran serta dari lembaga-lembaga atau badan-badan terkait sebagai independent regulatory agencies dalam kewenangan penindakan (penyelidikan, penyidikan, penuntutan, dan penyitaan), dan penelitian ini juga menyarankan diperlukan adanya pengaturan mengenai asal pembuktian terbalik dalam rancangan KUHAP yang baru dan dibentuknya suatu Komisi Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan TPPU atau Badan Nasional tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan TPPU

This dissertation aims to determine the basic consideration of the philosophical and sociological use of the principle burden of proof reversed in a criminal money laundering, know the implementation of judicial practice in criminal acts of money laundering, as well as reformulating criminal law policy against the use of the principle burden of proof reversed in the efforts of combating money laundering in the future. This study is a descriptive analysis study which used normative juridical approach. The study focuses on the documents study in the literature research to studied and examined the law secondary data, concerning the three objectives above. In getting the necessary primary data to support the understanding the documents study, research was conducted with field research using questionnaires, while the problem were analyzed qualitatively using the principle of law, legal doctrine and legal provisions which were associated with basic consideration for philosophical and sociological use of the reversal burden of proof towards money laundering offences, the criteria of effective use for the reversal burden of proof concept in money laundering, and the criminal law policy on the use of the reversal burden of proof for reducing and eradicating the money laundering offences. Based on the results of this study, it concluded that there has been a shifting in proof obligation of the Prosecutor which based on the principle "actory incumbit onus probandi" to the defendant obligation. The use of the reverse onus concept has sociological background of Roscue Pound opinion's "Law is a tool of social engineering" as a stabilizing factor in maintaining the balance of interests between the accused, the police, prosecutors and judges, so its applicated "the principle of juridical equilibrium ", based on Pancasila and the 1945 National Constitution and Act No. 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Combating of Money Laundering. The Criminal Law Policy towards the use of Reversal Burden of Proof concepts should focus on the legal purpose and economic principles to achieve balance, efficiency, and maximizing the economic, so it requires participation of related institutions or agencies in the authority of action (investigation, analyis, prosecution and confiscation) to work as independent regulatory agencies, and this study also suggests the need of regulations for the origin of reversal burden of proof to be regulated in the new draft's of Criminal Procedure Code and the establishment of a Commission on the Prevention and Combating Money Laundering or a National Agency on Preventing and Combating Money Laundering

Kata Kunci : TPPU, PPATK, Asas Pembuktian Terbalik dalam TPPU, Metode EAL, UU TPPU