Characteristic of Neurologic Deficit in Stroke Patient based on Symptomatology

RAHMA FITRIA, Dr. dr. Ismail Setyopranoto., Sp.S (K); dr. Rusdy Ghazali Malueka, Ph.D., Sp.S

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Stroke merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian dan disabilitas terbanyak di seluruh dunia. Stroke didefinisikan sebagai adanya onset akut defisit neurologis yang bertahan sekurangnya selama 24 jam. Prevalensi stroke dikatan akan terus meningkat seiring bertumbuhnya populasi lansia. Defisit neurologis pada pasien stroke mencerminkan lokasi lesi dan ukuran infark atau perdarahan pada otak. Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan karakteristik defisit neurologis berdasarkan simtomatologi pada pasien stroke. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif potong lintang. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien stroke rawat inap di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk menentukan persentasi defisit neurologis pada pasien stroke. Hasil: Dari total 179 subjek penelitian, 105 terdiagnosis dengan stroke iskemik (58.7%) dan 74 dengan stroke perdarahan (41.3%). Defisit neurologis tersering pada pasien stroke iskemik adalah lemah separuh badan (69%), paresis CN VII (62%), paresis CN XII (55%). Pada stroke perdarahan defisit neurologis tersering adalah lemah separuh badan (84%), penurunan kesadaran (69%), paresis CN VII (65%). Prevalensi stroke lebih tinggi pada subjek laki-laki (53.6%). Subjek laki-laki menunjukkan dominasi defisit neurologis, kecuali penuruan kesadaran yang lebih sering ditemukan pada subjek perempuan (56.4%). Subjek diatas 55 tahun menunjukkan frekuensi stroke yang lebih tinggi (66.5%). Subjek diatas 55 tahun menunjukkan dominasi defisit neurologis. Kesimpulan: Defisit neurologis tersering pada pasien stroke adalah lemah separuh badan, paresis CN VII, paresis CN XII. Defisit neurologis tersering pada pasien stroke perdarahan adalah lemah separuh badan, penurunan kesadaran, paresis CN VII. Subjek laki-laki menunjukkan dominasi presentasi defisit neurologis. Subjek diatas 55 tahun menunjukkan dominasi defisit neurologis.

Background: Stroke is one of the most common cause of death and disabilities around the world. Stroke is defined by the acute onset of neurologic deficit that persists for at least 24 hours. Stroke prevalence is expected to increase progressively as the elderly population grows. The neurologic deficit in stroke patients mimics the site of lesion and size of infarction or hemorrhage of the brain vascularity. Objective: To describe the characteristic of neurologic deficit based on symptomatology among stroke patients. Method: The research design is descriptive cross sectional observational study. Data will be obtained from hospitalized stroke patients medical record at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Descriptive analysis will be done to determine percentage of neurologic deficit found in stroke patients. Results: From the total of 179 subject, 105 was having ischemic stroke (58.7%) and 74 was having hemorrhagic stroke (41.3%). The most common neurologic deficit in ischemic stroke patients was hemi motor deficit (69%), paresis of CN VII (62%), paresis of CN XII (55%). The most common neurologic deficit in hemorrhagic stroke patients was hemi motor deficit (84%), altered consciousness (69%), and paresis of CN VII (65%).Stroke was more prevalent in male (53.6%). Male subjects had higher frequency of the presence of neurologic deficit, but altered consciousness was seen more frequently in female subject (56.4%). Above 55 years old age group had higher frequency of stroke patients (66.5%). Above 55 years old subjects had higher frequency of the presence of neurologic deficit. Conclusion: The most common neurologic deficit in ischemic stroke patients was hemi motor deficit, paresis of CN VII, paresis of CN XII. The most common neurologic deficit in hemorrhagic stroke patients was hemi motor deficit, altered consciousness, paresis of CN VII. Male subjects had higher frequency of the presence of neurologic deficit. Above 55 years old subjects had higher frequency of the presence of neurologic deficit.

Kata Kunci : Stroke, stroke iskemik, stroke perdarahan, defisit neurologis, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, neurologic deficit