ESTIMASI BEBAN PENYAKIT KANKER AKIBAT OBESITAS DI INDONESIA DENGAN DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (DALY)

GALIH PUTRI WULANDARI, Dr. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes., Apt.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan yang terjadi di negara maju dan di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Obesitas adalah salah satu faktor risiko timbulnya berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah penyakit kanker. Peningkatan kejadian obesitas akan menyebabkan peningkatan kejadian penyakit kanker yang berakibat pada menurunnya kualitas hidup seseorang, sehingga dapat memberikan beban kesehatan bagi pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi beban penyakit kanker akibat obesitas menggunakan Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian epidemiologi deskriptif dengan metode prevalence-based. Pertama, penyakit kanker akibat obesitas ditentukan berdasarkan risiko relatifnya (RR) menggunakan systematic review. Kedua, proporsi penyakit kanker akibat obesitas dihitung menggunakan rumus RR dan prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia. Terakhir, DALY penyakit kanker akibat obesitas diestimasi menggunakan metodologi Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis sensitivitas satu arah dimana dikaji variabel prevalensi dan dilihat dampaknya pada DALY. Penyakit kanker akibat obesitas dalam penelitian ini adalah kanker esofagus, kanker kolon, kanker pankreas, kanker endometrium, kanker ovarium, kanker prostat dan kanker ginjal. DALY pada kondisi kelebihan berat badan sebanyak 39.706 person-years dimana pada laki-laki adalah 11.825 person-years dan pada perempuan adalah 27.881 person-years, sedangkan untuk kondisi obesitas sebanyak 15.454 person-years dimana pada laki-laki adalah 3.943 person-years dan pada perempuan adalah 11.511 person-years. Penyakit kanker dengan DALY tertinggi adalah kanker kolon sebanyak 23.053 person-years, kanker ovarium sebanyak 21.911 person-years dan kanker pankreas sebanyak 4.564 person years.

Obesity is health problem both in developed or in developing countries especially Indonesia. Obesity is one of risk factors that causes disease, one of them is cancer. Increasing obesity incidence, also increasing cancer incidence that will lead to the decline of quality of life in a person, so it gives a high health burden to the government. This study aim to estimate the burden of cancer that causes by obesity using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). This study is descriptive epidemiological studies using prevalence-based method. Firtsly, overweight-obesity-related cancer disease and their relative risk (RR) were selected by the systematic review. Secondly, the proportion of obesity-related cancer were calculated using the formula including RR and prevalence obesity in Indonesia. Finally, DALY of cancer disease due to obesity were estimated by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology. This study also using one way sensitivity analysis which is to review the prevalence variable and observed the its impact to DALY. In this study, there are seven cancer caused by obesity. They are esophageal cancer, colorectum cancer, pancreas cancer, uterine cancer, ovary cancer, prostate cancer and kidney cancer. DALY result on this study for over-weight condition is 39,706 person-years which is in men 11,825 person-years and in woman 27,881 person-years. DALY for obesity condition is 15,454 person-years which is in men 3,943 person-years and in women 11,511 person-years. The three cancer with the highest DALY are colorectum cancer, 23,053 person-years, then ovary cancer, 21,911 person-years and pancreas cancer, 4,564 person years.

Kata Kunci : obesity, cancer, DALY, Indonesia