KAJIAN LINGKUNGAN PERUMAHAN UNTUK AKTIVITAS BERMAIN ANAK DI KELURAHAN SOROSUTAN SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI KOTA LAYAK ANAK DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

ARUNI HANIN, Dr. rer. pol. Dyah Widiyastuti, S.T., M.CP

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Anak merupakan generasi muda yang sangat penting bagi penerus cita-cita bangsa sehingga diperlukan adanya jaminan pemenuhan hak-hak dasar anak. Kota Yogyakarta sebagai Kota Layak Anak seharusnya telah menjamin hak-hak anak yang salah satunya berupa hak untuk berekreasi dan bermain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik keluarga, anak-anak, dan lingkungan perumahan, mengidentifikasi ruang bermain di luar rumah, dan persepsi orangtua/wali/asisten rumah tangga dalam menilai lingkungan perumahan untuk aktivitas bermain anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di Kelurahan Sorosutan. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner dan checklist. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sejumlah 275 keluarga. Kuesioner diisi oleh orang tua yang memiliki anak berusia 6-12 tahun serta orangtua/wali/pembantu rumah tangga yang memahami kegiatan bermain anak sehari-sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik keluarga didominasi ibu rumah tangga (37,8%) dan wiraswasta (37,45%) dengan waktu bekerja yang fleksibel. Sebagian besar anak bersekolah di luar Kelurahan Sorosutan dengan jam belajar 07.00-13.00 ditambah dengan adanya kegiatan di luar sekolah beberapa kali dalam seminggu. Durasi waktu bermain anak 1-2 jam. Kondisi lingkungan perumahan tergolong padat dan heterogen yang membentuk perilaku bermain anak pada masing-masing lingkungan perumahan yang berbeda. Jenis tempat bermain yang digunakan anak berupa open space, street space, play structure space, dan individual play space. Mayoritas responden berpendapat bahwa sebagian besar tempat bermain anak tergolong cukup aman. Mayoritas responden berpendapat tempat bermain anak yang tergolong nyaman hanya pada halaman/teras rumah dan taman sedangkan untuk kategori cukup nyaman berupa halaman fasilitas sosial dan komersial. Mayoritas tempat bermain tergolong tidak lengkap kecuali pada halaman/teras rumah dan taman yang tergolong dalam kategori lengkap. Mayoritas tempat bermain tergolong cukup aksesibel.

Children as a young generation have an important role to continue the nation's goals, so they need waranty that cover all their right. Yogyakarta city which has been declared as a child friendly city must guaranty children need and right, such as play and recreation rights. The aims of this research were to discover the characteristic of the children, family, and their neighbourhood housing, to identify outdoor play space, and to find out the perception's of parents/guardian/housemaid about their neighbourhood for the children's play activities. This research used a quantitative approach took place in Sorosutan district. The instruments of research were questionnaire and checklist. Data collection process required 275 family's sample. The questionnaire were filled up by the parents that had a child in the age of 6-12 years old and parents/guardians/housemaids that knew all the child daily's play activities. The result of the study showed that the characteristic of the family were dominated by the housewife (37.8%) and enterpreneur (37.45%) which had a flexible work time. Most of children's school were outside Sorosutan district with the length of study 07.00-13.00 and followed by other activities outside school in several times a week. The chidlren's play time were 1-2 hours. The situation of neighbourhood classified as solid and heterogeneous that make a different children's play activities in each neighbourhood house. The type of children's play spaces were open space, street space, play structure space, and individual play space. The majorities perception said that most of the children's play space were safe enough. The majorities repondent's opinion about the leisure that belong to comfort only on yard/terrace house and playground, while the comfort enough class were yard of social and commercial facilities. Most of the children's play space were incomplete, except yard/terrace house and playground that belong to complete based on the completeness of playing facilities. Most of the play space categories of accessibility were accessible enough.

Kata Kunci : tempat bermain anak, aktivitas bermain anak, kota layak anak