Analisis Hubungan Fenetik Intraspesies Tanaman Garut (Maranta arundinacea (italic) L.) di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologis dan Anatomis

BERNARDINUS DANANG K, Dr. Purnomo, M.S.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil rimpang. Rimpang garut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan alternatif. Penelitian tentang hubungan fenetik intraspesies garut berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan anatomis perlu dilakukan sebagai langkah awal budidaya garut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui variasi morfologi dan anatomi serta hubungan fenetik intraspesies garut di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Penentuan lokasi melalui survei eksplorasi di DIY. Sampel yang ditemukan terdiri atas 10 kultivar lokal dan 12 wildtype. Kultivar lokal tersebut terdiri atas varietas sili, sembowo, sugo, dan variegata. Pada penelitian ini dibandingkan 10 karakter morfologis kualitatif dan 14 karakter morfologis kuantitatif dari daun, batang, dan rimpang garut. Karakter anatomis yang dibandingkan berjumlah 9 karakter. Pengamatan karakter anatomis menggunakan preparat embedding helaian daun dan preparat non-embedding pulvinus. Analisis data dimulai dengan scoring dan diolah dengan software MVSP, clustering menggunakan algoritma UPGMA, dan koefisien similaritas Baroni-Urbani Busser. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa variasi terbesar karakter morfologis garut terdapat pada warna daun sisi dorsal, warna pulvinus, warna rimpang, dan ukuran panjang, keliling, dan berat basah rimpang. Karakter morfologi kuantitatif digunakan sebagai bahan deskripsi sampel. Variasi anatomi garut terdapat pada tebal lamina dan kosta daun, bentuk sel hipodermis adaksial pada lamina daun, diameter pulvinus, dan tebal oblique cells. Dendrogram berdasarkan karakter morfologis membentuk 5 klaster (A,B,C,D,E) dan dendrogram berdasarkan karakter anatomis menghasilkan 6 klaster (A,B,C,D,E,F) dengan indeks similaritas setiap klaster berada di atas 0,60. Dengan demikian tanaman garut di DIY dikatakan berkerabat dekat secara morfologi dan anatomi.

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) is a rhizomal plants. Arrowroot rhizome can be utilized as an alternative food. Research on intraspecies phenetic relationship arrowroot based on morphological and anatomical characters need to be done as an initial step in the cultivation of arrowroot. The aim of this research is to know the variations of morphology and anatomy and also to determine intraspecies phenetic relationship of arrowroot in Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY). Location determination is done through an exploration survey on the arrowroot cultivation areas in SRY. The samples consist of 10 local cultivars and 12 wildtypes. The local cultivars consists of sili, sembowo, sugo, and variegata varieties. This research compared 10 characters of qualitative and 14 characters of quantitative morphological characters from the leaves, stems, and rhizomes. Then there are 9 anatomical characters were compared. Observation of anatomical characters was done by embedding preparation on leaves and non embedding preparation on pulvinus. Data analysis starts with the data scoring and then processed with MVSP software, clustering algorithm using UPGMA, and similarity coefficient by Baroni-Urbani Busser. Result of the study stated that the greatest variation of morphological characters found in the dorsal side leaf color, pulvinus color, rhizome color, and length, wet weight, and circumference of the rhizome. Quantitative morphological characters used as a description of the sample. Anatomical variations of the arrowroot is present on the leaf lamina and costae thickness, adaxial hypodermis cells shape on the lamina, diameter of pulvinus, and oblique cells thickness. Dendrogram based on morphological characters form 5 clusters (A,B,C,D,E) and dendrogram based on anatomical characters form 6 clusters (A,B,C,D,E,F) with index similarity of each cluster is more than 0,60. Thus arrowroot in SRY are closely related based on morphological and anatomical characters.

Kata Kunci : Garut, karakter morfologis, karakter anatomis, dendrogram/ Arrowroot , morphological character, anatomical character, dendrogram