Keanekaragaman dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Kultivar Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologis

CAKRA BUWANA P, Dr. Purnomo, M.S.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman buah dengan prospek yang baik. Di Indonesia terdapat dua kelompok kultivar kelengkeng yaitu kultivar kelengkeng lokal dan kelengkeng intoduksi, yang mana kultivar kelengkeng intoduksi lebih digemari. Penelitian tanaman kelengkeng saat ini masih terbatas pada efek kandungan kimia tanaman kelengkeng untuk kesehatan, cara pembibitan dan kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan hubungan kekerabatan kultivar kelengkeng di D.I. Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya berdasarkan karakter morfologis. Sampel Kelengkeng didapat dengan metode random purposive sampling dan wawancara. Dilakukan karakterisasi dan deskripsi morfologi batang, daun, buah dan biji. Setelah karakterisasi, dilakukan skoring, standarisasi, dan dihitung indeks similaritas (IS) antar sampel. Analisis klaster menggunakan UPGMA (Unweight Pair Group Method With Arithmetic Averages) untuk mendapat dendogram hubungan kekerabatan fenetik. Banyaknya klaster terbentuk dalam dendrogram dibantu oleh garis fenon 0,8 IS dan penentuan karakter dominan dibantu oleh PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 10 kultivar kelengkeng di Kab. Kulon Progo, Kab. Sleman, Kab. Klaten, dan Kab. Semarang. Kultivar kelengkeng yang ditemukan memiliki variasi morfologis pada organ batang, daun, buah, dan biji, Dendrogram hubungan kekerabatan yang diperoleh menunjukkan dua pengelempokan, secara keseluruhan kultivar kelengkeng yang ditemukan berkerabat cukup dekat. Kultivar kelengkeng yang berkerabat dekat yaitu ' Rubi Longan' (RBK) dengan 'Aroma Durian' (ADK), 'Lokal Bandungan' (LBS) dengan 'Lokal Ambarawa' (LAS), 'Diamond River' (DRKP) dengan 'Biew Kiew' (BKK), dan 'Kelengkeng Super Sleman' (KSS) dengan 'New Kristal' (NKKP).

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is one of fuit comodities with a good prospect. In Indonesia, there was two groups of longan, namely local longans and introduced longans. The research of longan crops nowday is limited on the effect of phytochemistry content of longan on human health, propagation, and plant tissue cultures. This study was aimed to examine the diversity and phenetics relationship of longan cultivars in D.I.Yogyakarta and sourended area based on morphological characters. The samples and data of longan cultivars were found by random purposive sampling method and interview. Samples were then characterized based on morphological characters, followed by scoring, standardization, and similarity index calculation. Clustering analysis was done using UPGMA (Unweight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages) to obtain dendogram of phenetic relationship. The number of cluster formed in dendrogram was supported by phenon line 0.8 IS and dominant characters was determined by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). This research obtained 10 longan cultivars on Kulon Progo, Sleman, Klaten, and Semarang District. The variations of longan cultivars morphologically were found in stem, leaves, fruits and seeds. The result of relationships dendrogram indicate two cluster of longan cultivars. Overall, relationship of longan cultivars in Special Region of Yogyakarta and souronding area it was close enough. Longan cultivars that have close relationship are 'Rubi Longan' (RBK) with 'Aroma Durian' (ADK), 'Lokal Bandungan' (LBS) with 'Lokal Ambarawa' (LAS), 'Diamond River' (DRKP) with 'Biew Kiewâ' (BKK), and 'Kelengkeng Super Sleman' (KSS) with 'New Kristal' (NKKP).

Kata Kunci : Dimocarpus longan Lour., hubungan kekerabatan, karakter morfologis