Karakterisasi Morfologis dan Molekular Jamur Powdery Mildew pada Stroberi (Fragaria spp.) dan Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.)

ADIANA NAYOGYANI, Rina Sri Kasiamdari S.Si., Ph.D.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Tanaman stroberi dan bunga matahari berasal dari Amerika dan Eropa, telah berhasil dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Hama dan penyakit merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya stroberi dan bunga matahari. Salah satu penyakit yang menginfeksi stroberi dan bunga matahari adalah powdery mildew yang ditandai dengan adanya miselium jamur yang berwarna putih pada daun dan buah. Penelitian mengenai powdery mildew pada stroberi dan bunga matahari di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan, serta tidak terdapat data mengenai penyakit ini pada stroberi dan bunga matahari di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jamur penyebab powdery mildew pada stroberi dan bunga matahari berdasarkan karakter morfologis, mengidentifikasi jamur penyebab powdery mildew pada stroberi dan bunga matahari berdasarkan karakter molekular, serta mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antara jamur penyebab powdery mildew pada stroberi dan bunga matahari berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan molekular. Sampling dilakukan di berbagai sentra kebun stroberi di pulau Jawa, serta daerah yang terdapat tanaman bunga matahari. Identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan molekular jamur penyebab powdery mildew yang ditemukan menginfeksi tanaman stroberi dan bunga matahari. Ditemukan empat isolat powdery mildew di empat lokasi kebun stroberi yaitu Pujon (PJN); Wonosobo (WNB); Lembang (LBG), dan Cihideung (CHD), serta satu isolat powdery mildew yang menginfeksi tanaman bunga matahari di Banyuroto. Berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan molekular, jamur powdery mildew pada tanaman stroberi teridentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekular sebagai Podosphaera aphanis, serta pada tanaman bunga matahari sebagai Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan molekular CHD, LBG, WNB, dan PJN berhubungan dekat dengan P. aphanis, serta BM berhubungan dekat dengan G. cichoracearum

Strawberry and sunflower plants come from Europe and America and have been successfully cultivated in Indonesia. Pests and diseases are one of the obstacles in the cultivation of strawberries and sunflower. The diseases that attack strawberries and sunflower is powdery mildew which is characterized by the white mycelium of leaves and fruit. Research on powdery mildew on strawberry and sunflower in Indonesia has not been done, and there is no data on this disease especially on strawberry and sunflower in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the fungi causing powdery mildew on strawberries and sunflower based on morphological characters, identifying powdery mildew fungi on strawberries and sunflower based on molecular characters, and analysing the relationship between powdery mildew on strawberries and sunflower based on morphological characters and molecular data. Sampling was done in various centers of strawberry garden in Java, as well as the area where there were sunflower plants. The identification was performed on the morphological and molecular characteristics of the powdery mildew found to infect the strawberry and sunflower plants. Four powdery mildew isolates were found in four locations of strawberry gardens: Pujon, Malang; Wonosobo; Lembang, Bandung; and Cihideung, Bandung, and one powdery mildew isolate infected sunflower in Banyuroto, Central Java. Based on morphological and molecular characters, powdery mildew in strawberry plants were morphologically and molecularly identified as Podosphaera aphanis, whereas in sunflower plants was identified as Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Relationships based on morphological and molecular characters CHD, LBG, WNB, and PJN were closely related to P. aphanis, and BM was closely related to G. cichoracearum.

Kata Kunci : morfologis, molekular, stroberi, bunga matahari, powdery mildew.